This study was designed to develop "A scale of cognition of the stress of living environments at institutions" using the elderly at health institutions for the aged subjects. Investigations were made at 9 of 37 institutions in Gunma Prefecture. As a result of statistical analysis, the status of cognition of the stress in the elderly at the aforementioned institutions was supposed to be a factor structure model (validity of contents), which consisted of the linear and the quadratic factors. The linear factor included "the stress factor of institution environment" (5 items), "the stress factor of freedom of living" (7 items), and "the stress factor of health administration" (2 items), and the quadratic factor included "cognition of the stress of the stress of living environments at institutions". It was also clarified that fit to the data (validity of constructs), the validity related to the standard, and reliability coefficient meets adequately the statistical tolerance level. From these results, the above-described scale was estimated to be beneficial to the future preparation of bases of health institutions for the aged in an aging society.