Araştırma Makalesi
Yaş Domates Posasına Farklı Düzeylerde Melaslı Kuru Şeker Pancarı Posası İlavesinin Silaj Kalitesi ile İn Vitro Sindirim Üzerine Etkisinin Araştırılması
Öz
Bu
çalışmanın amacı; melaslı kuru şeker
pancarı posasının (MKŞPP) (%3, %5, %7, %10, %15, %20 ve %25) yaş domates posasına ilavesinin oluşacak silaj
kalitesine, in vitro organik madde
sindirimine (İVOMS) ve metabolik enerji (ME) değerine etkisini araştırmak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmada
değerlendirilen silajlar 1.5 L cam kavanozlarda ağızları hava almayacak şekilde
beşer tekerrür halinde silolanmışlardır. Melaslı kuru şeker pancarı posası ile domates posasının silolanması oluşan
silajların kompozisyonu, in vitro
organik madde sindirim derecesini ve metabolik enerji değerini önemli derecede
etkilemiştir. Domates posasına
MKŞPP ilave seviyesinin artışına bağlı olarak elde edilen silajların kuru madde
(KM), ham kül (HK), metabolik enerji (ME) ve IVOMS değerleri artarken
(P<0.001), ham protein (HP), asit deterjanda çözünmeyen lif (ADF) ve asit
deterjanda çözünmeyen lif (NDF) değerleri azalmıştır (P<0.001). Domates
posasına MKŞPP ilavesinin artışına bağlı olarak silaj pH değerlerinde genel
olarak belirgin bir farklılık görülmezken, silaj amonyak azotu (NH3-N)
ve laktik asit değerlerinin azaldığı (P<0.001), propiyonik asit değerlerinin
ise arttığı (P<0.001) görülmüştür. Bu çalışmada değerlendirilen silajlarda
bütirik asit tespit edilmemiştir. Sonuç olarak, yaş domates posasının melaslı
kuru pancar posası ilavesi ile silolanabileceği ve elde edilen silajların kaliteli
silaj niteliği taşıdıkları sonucuna varılmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Abbeddou S, Rischkowsky B, Hilali MED, Haylani M, Hess HD, Kreuzer M, 2015: Supplementing diets of Awassi ewes with olive cake and tomato pomace: on-farm recovery of effects on yield, composition and fatty acid profile of the milk. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 47,1, 145-152.
- Açıkgöz E, Turgut İ, Filya İ, 2002: Silaj Bitkileri Yetiştirme ve Silaj Yapımı. Hasat Yayınları, pp: 86, İstanbul.
- Association of Official Analytical Chemistry (AOAC), 2005: Official Methods of Ana-lysis of AOAC International, 18th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington DC, USA.
- Blandino A, Al-Aseer ME, Pandiella SS, Cantero D, Webb C, 2003: Cereal-based fermented foods and beverages. Food Research International, 36, 527-543.
- Bradowski DL, Geisman JR, 1980: Protein content and amino acid composition of seeds from tomatoes at various stages of ripeness. J Food Sci, 45, 228-229.
- Broderick GA, Kang JH, 1980: Automated simultaneous determination of ammonia and total amino acids in ruminal fluid and in vitro media. Journal of Dairy Science, 63, 64-75.
- Caluya RR, Sair RR, 1995: Exploratory trial on the feeding of tomato pomace to growing cattle. Paper presented at the 1995 Livestock and Forage Commodity Review, Ilocos Agriculture and Resourses Research and Development Consortium, Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University, June 10-11, pp:6, Bacnotan, La Union,
- Carpintero CM, Henderson AR, McDonald P, 1979: The effect of some pre-treatments on proteolysis during the ensiling of herbage. Grass Forage Science, 34, 311-315.
- Çapçı T, Şayan Y, Alçiçek A, 1995: Kurutulmuş ve silolanmış domates posasının yem değerleri üzerine bir çalışma. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 32, 3, 119-126.
- Çapçı T, Şayan Y, Kırkpınar F, Taluğ AM, Açıkgöz Z, Ergül M, Karaayvaz BK, 2002: Kanatlı altlığının bazı yem kaynakları ile silolanma olanakları ve yem değeri III: Domates posasının broyler altlığı ile silolanma olanakları ve yem değeri. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 39, 1, 55-62.
- Denek N, Can A, 2006: Feeding value of wet pomece ensiled with wheat straw and wheat grain for Avassi sheep. Small Ruminant Research, 65, 260-265.
- Denek N, Can A, 2005: Buğday samanı ve buğday kırması ile hazırlanan domates posası silajının besleyici değeri. Poster bildiri, III. Ulusal Hayvan Kongresi, pp:582-586, 7-10 Eylül Adana.
- Di Blasi C, Tanzi V, Lanzetta M, 1997: A study of the production of agricultural residues in Italy. Biomass and Bioenergy, 12, 5, 321-331.
- Dubois M, Giles KA, Hamilton JK, Rebes PA, Smith F, 1956: Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances. Anal Chem, 28, 350-356.
- Ensminger ME, Oldfiled JL, Heinemann WW, 1990: Feeds and Nutrition. Ensminger Publishing Co., pp:122-136, USA. Ergül M, 1993: Yemler Bilgisi ve Teknolojisi. 2. Baskı, Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları, pp: 318, İzmir.
- FAO, 2013: Utilization of fruit and vegetable wastes as livestock feed and as substrates for generation of other value added products. RAP Publication 2013/04.
- Gasa J, Castrillo C, Baucells M.D, Guada JA, 1989: By-Products from the canning industry as feedstuff for ruminants, Digestibility and its prediction from chemical composition and laboratory bioassays. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 25, 67-77.
- Hadjipanayiotou M, 1994: Laboratory evaluation of ensiled olive cake, tomato pulp and poultry litter. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 6, 2, 6-15.
- Haşimoğlu S, Çakır A, Aksoy A, Özen N, 1979: Domates salçası artıklarının (kuru domates posası) kaba yem olarak kullanılma olanağı üzerine bir çalışma. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 10, 139-150.
- Holzapfel WH, Wood BJB, 1995: Lactic Acid Bacteria in Contemporary Perspective, (Wood B.B. and Holzapfel WH, editors), The General of Lactic Acid Bacteria, Vol: II, Blackie Academic-Professional, pp: 1-6, London.
- Karabulut A, Filya İ, Canbolat Ö, Değirmencioğlu T, Umur H, 1999: Değişik yöntemlerle işlenmiş domates posası silajlarının kuzu besisinde kullanılma olanakları. Ulusalararası Hayvancılık Kongresi, 21-24 Eylül, İzmir.
- Kılıç A, 2006: Kaba Yemlerde Niteliğin Saptanması. Hasat Yayıncılık, İstanbul, pp:159, 2006.
- Kung JRL, 2008: Silage fermentation end products and microbial populations: Their relationships to silage quality and animal productivity. Proceeding Annual Conference of the American Association of Bovine Practitioners, Charlotte, NC. pp: 25-27, 2008.
- Kung JRL, 2010: Understanding the biology of silage preservation maximize quality and protect the environment. In Proceeding California Alfalfa and Forage Symposium, pp: 41-54 Visalia.
- McDonald P, Henderson A, Heron SJE, 1991: The Biochemistry of Silage (2nd Ed.). Chalcombe Publ., Churchiane, Kingston, Canterbury, Kent, UK.
- Mendez-Llorente F, Aguilera-Soto JI, Lopez-Carlos MA, Ramirez RG, Carrillo-Muro O, Escareio-Sanchez LM, Medina-Flores CA, 2014: Preservation of fresh tomato waste by silage. Interciencia, 39, 6, 432-434.
- Menke KH, Raab L, Salewski A, Steingass H, Fritz D, Schneider W, 1988: Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and in vitro gas production using rumen fluid. Animal Research and Development, 28, 7-55.
- Menke KH, Raab L, Salewski A, Steingass H, Fritz D, Schneider W, 1979: The estimation of the digestibility and metabolizable energy content of ruminant feeding stuffs from the gas production when they are incubated with rumen liquor in vitro. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge, 93, 217-222.
- Mirzaei-Aghsaghali A, Maheri-Sis N, 2008: Nutritive value of some agro-industrial by-products for ruminants-A review. World Journal of Zoology, 3, 2, 40-46.
- Orosz S, Szemethy L, Szabo Z, Kazinczy S and Gallo J, 2012: XVI. International Silage Conferance, pp: 440-443, Hameenlinna, Finland, 2-4 july.
- Polan CE, Stieve DE, Garrett JL, 1998: Protein preservation and ruminal degradation of ensiled forage treated with heat, formic acid, ammonia, or microbial inoculant. Journal of Dairy Science, 81,765-776.
- Savrunlu, M, Denek N, 2016: Farklı Seviyelerde Yaş Domates Posası İlavesi ile Hazırlanan Mısır Silajının Kalitesinin Araştırılması. Harran Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 5, 2, 5-11.
- Shabtay A, Eitam H, Tadmor Y, Orlov A, Meir A, Weinberg P, Weinberg ZG, Chen Y, Brosh A, Izhaki I, Kerem Z, 2008: Nutritive and anti oxidative potential of fresh and stored pomegranate industrial by-product as a novel beef cattle feed. J Agric Food Chem, 56, 10063-10070.
- SPSS, 1991: Inc. Statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS/PC+). Chicago, IL.
- Sucu E, Filya İ, 2006: Effects of homofermentative lactic acid bacterial inoculants on the fermentation and aerobic stability characteristics of low dry matter corn silage. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 30(1), 83-88.
- Suzuki M, Lund CW, 1980: Improved gas liquid chromatography for simultaneous determination of volatile fatty acids and lactic acid in silage. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 28, 1040-1041.
- Tahmasbi R, Saremi B, Naserian A, 2003: Evaluating chemical characteristics of mixed corn plant and tomato pomace silage using experimental silos. Journal of Dairy Science, 86 (Suppl.)1, 44.
- TUIK, 2014: Turkish Statistical Institute, Number: 15974, 29. Acces Date: 17.12.2014.
- Van Soest PJ, Robertson JB, Lewis BA, 1991: Methods of dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber and non starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74, 3583-3597.
- Ventura MR, Pieltin MC, Castanon JIR, 2009: Evaluation of tomato crop by-products as feed for goats. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 154, 271-275.
- Weiss WP, Frobase DL, Koch ME, 1997: Wet tomato pomace ensiled with corn plants for dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 80, 2896-2900.
- Wu JJ, Du RP, Gao M, Sui YQ, Xiu L, Wang X, 2014: Naturally occurring lactic acid bacteria isolated from tomato pomace silage. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 27(5), 648-657.
Effect of Adding Different Levels of Dried Molasses Sugar Beet Pulp on the Silage Quality and In Vitro Digestibility of Wet Tomato Pomace Silage
Öz
This study was
aimed to investigate the effects of supplementation of dried molasses sugar beet pulp (3%, 5%, 7%, 10%,
15%, 20% and 25%, fresh material basis) on
the silage quality, in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) and metabolisable energy (ME) content of wet
tomato pomace (WTP) silage. All the treatments consisted of five
replicate silos, and they were prepared in 1.5 L glass jar silos. The ensiling
of WTP with dried molasses sugar
beet pulp including molasses (DMSBP) had a significant effect on the chemical
composition, ME and IVOMD of silages. Dry matter, crude ash, ME and IVOMD values
of silages were increased with supplementation of DMSBP levels (P<0.001). Crude protein (CP), acid
detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents of silages were decreased
with increasing level of DMSBP (P<0.001). Ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and lactic acid contents
were decreased with increasing level of DMSBP (P<0.001). Propionic acid
contents of silages were increased with increasing level of DMSBP (P<0.001).
Butyric acid was not detected in any silage groups. As a
result, tomato pomace can be ensiled
with DMSBP without decreasing the quality
criteria of silage.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Abbeddou S, Rischkowsky B, Hilali MED, Haylani M, Hess HD, Kreuzer M, 2015: Supplementing diets of Awassi ewes with olive cake and tomato pomace: on-farm recovery of effects on yield, composition and fatty acid profile of the milk. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 47,1, 145-152.
- Açıkgöz E, Turgut İ, Filya İ, 2002: Silaj Bitkileri Yetiştirme ve Silaj Yapımı. Hasat Yayınları, pp: 86, İstanbul.
- Association of Official Analytical Chemistry (AOAC), 2005: Official Methods of Ana-lysis of AOAC International, 18th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington DC, USA.
- Blandino A, Al-Aseer ME, Pandiella SS, Cantero D, Webb C, 2003: Cereal-based fermented foods and beverages. Food Research International, 36, 527-543.
- Bradowski DL, Geisman JR, 1980: Protein content and amino acid composition of seeds from tomatoes at various stages of ripeness. J Food Sci, 45, 228-229.
- Broderick GA, Kang JH, 1980: Automated simultaneous determination of ammonia and total amino acids in ruminal fluid and in vitro media. Journal of Dairy Science, 63, 64-75.
- Caluya RR, Sair RR, 1995: Exploratory trial on the feeding of tomato pomace to growing cattle. Paper presented at the 1995 Livestock and Forage Commodity Review, Ilocos Agriculture and Resourses Research and Development Consortium, Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University, June 10-11, pp:6, Bacnotan, La Union,
- Carpintero CM, Henderson AR, McDonald P, 1979: The effect of some pre-treatments on proteolysis during the ensiling of herbage. Grass Forage Science, 34, 311-315.
- Çapçı T, Şayan Y, Alçiçek A, 1995: Kurutulmuş ve silolanmış domates posasının yem değerleri üzerine bir çalışma. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 32, 3, 119-126.
- Çapçı T, Şayan Y, Kırkpınar F, Taluğ AM, Açıkgöz Z, Ergül M, Karaayvaz BK, 2002: Kanatlı altlığının bazı yem kaynakları ile silolanma olanakları ve yem değeri III: Domates posasının broyler altlığı ile silolanma olanakları ve yem değeri. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 39, 1, 55-62.
- Denek N, Can A, 2006: Feeding value of wet pomece ensiled with wheat straw and wheat grain for Avassi sheep. Small Ruminant Research, 65, 260-265.
- Denek N, Can A, 2005: Buğday samanı ve buğday kırması ile hazırlanan domates posası silajının besleyici değeri. Poster bildiri, III. Ulusal Hayvan Kongresi, pp:582-586, 7-10 Eylül Adana.
- Di Blasi C, Tanzi V, Lanzetta M, 1997: A study of the production of agricultural residues in Italy. Biomass and Bioenergy, 12, 5, 321-331.
- Dubois M, Giles KA, Hamilton JK, Rebes PA, Smith F, 1956: Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances. Anal Chem, 28, 350-356.
- Ensminger ME, Oldfiled JL, Heinemann WW, 1990: Feeds and Nutrition. Ensminger Publishing Co., pp:122-136, USA. Ergül M, 1993: Yemler Bilgisi ve Teknolojisi. 2. Baskı, Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları, pp: 318, İzmir.
- FAO, 2013: Utilization of fruit and vegetable wastes as livestock feed and as substrates for generation of other value added products. RAP Publication 2013/04.
- Gasa J, Castrillo C, Baucells M.D, Guada JA, 1989: By-Products from the canning industry as feedstuff for ruminants, Digestibility and its prediction from chemical composition and laboratory bioassays. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 25, 67-77.
- Hadjipanayiotou M, 1994: Laboratory evaluation of ensiled olive cake, tomato pulp and poultry litter. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 6, 2, 6-15.
- Haşimoğlu S, Çakır A, Aksoy A, Özen N, 1979: Domates salçası artıklarının (kuru domates posası) kaba yem olarak kullanılma olanağı üzerine bir çalışma. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 10, 139-150.
- Holzapfel WH, Wood BJB, 1995: Lactic Acid Bacteria in Contemporary Perspective, (Wood B.B. and Holzapfel WH, editors), The General of Lactic Acid Bacteria, Vol: II, Blackie Academic-Professional, pp: 1-6, London.
- Karabulut A, Filya İ, Canbolat Ö, Değirmencioğlu T, Umur H, 1999: Değişik yöntemlerle işlenmiş domates posası silajlarının kuzu besisinde kullanılma olanakları. Ulusalararası Hayvancılık Kongresi, 21-24 Eylül, İzmir.
- Kılıç A, 2006: Kaba Yemlerde Niteliğin Saptanması. Hasat Yayıncılık, İstanbul, pp:159, 2006.
- Kung JRL, 2008: Silage fermentation end products and microbial populations: Their relationships to silage quality and animal productivity. Proceeding Annual Conference of the American Association of Bovine Practitioners, Charlotte, NC. pp: 25-27, 2008.
- Kung JRL, 2010: Understanding the biology of silage preservation maximize quality and protect the environment. In Proceeding California Alfalfa and Forage Symposium, pp: 41-54 Visalia.
- McDonald P, Henderson A, Heron SJE, 1991: The Biochemistry of Silage (2nd Ed.). Chalcombe Publ., Churchiane, Kingston, Canterbury, Kent, UK.
- Mendez-Llorente F, Aguilera-Soto JI, Lopez-Carlos MA, Ramirez RG, Carrillo-Muro O, Escareio-Sanchez LM, Medina-Flores CA, 2014: Preservation of fresh tomato waste by silage. Interciencia, 39, 6, 432-434.
- Menke KH, Raab L, Salewski A, Steingass H, Fritz D, Schneider W, 1988: Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and in vitro gas production using rumen fluid. Animal Research and Development, 28, 7-55.
- Menke KH, Raab L, Salewski A, Steingass H, Fritz D, Schneider W, 1979: The estimation of the digestibility and metabolizable energy content of ruminant feeding stuffs from the gas production when they are incubated with rumen liquor in vitro. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge, 93, 217-222.
- Mirzaei-Aghsaghali A, Maheri-Sis N, 2008: Nutritive value of some agro-industrial by-products for ruminants-A review. World Journal of Zoology, 3, 2, 40-46.
- Orosz S, Szemethy L, Szabo Z, Kazinczy S and Gallo J, 2012: XVI. International Silage Conferance, pp: 440-443, Hameenlinna, Finland, 2-4 july.
- Polan CE, Stieve DE, Garrett JL, 1998: Protein preservation and ruminal degradation of ensiled forage treated with heat, formic acid, ammonia, or microbial inoculant. Journal of Dairy Science, 81,765-776.
- Savrunlu, M, Denek N, 2016: Farklı Seviyelerde Yaş Domates Posası İlavesi ile Hazırlanan Mısır Silajının Kalitesinin Araştırılması. Harran Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 5, 2, 5-11.
- Shabtay A, Eitam H, Tadmor Y, Orlov A, Meir A, Weinberg P, Weinberg ZG, Chen Y, Brosh A, Izhaki I, Kerem Z, 2008: Nutritive and anti oxidative potential of fresh and stored pomegranate industrial by-product as a novel beef cattle feed. J Agric Food Chem, 56, 10063-10070.
- SPSS, 1991: Inc. Statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS/PC+). Chicago, IL.
- Sucu E, Filya İ, 2006: Effects of homofermentative lactic acid bacterial inoculants on the fermentation and aerobic stability characteristics of low dry matter corn silage. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 30(1), 83-88.
- Suzuki M, Lund CW, 1980: Improved gas liquid chromatography for simultaneous determination of volatile fatty acids and lactic acid in silage. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 28, 1040-1041.
- Tahmasbi R, Saremi B, Naserian A, 2003: Evaluating chemical characteristics of mixed corn plant and tomato pomace silage using experimental silos. Journal of Dairy Science, 86 (Suppl.)1, 44.
- TUIK, 2014: Turkish Statistical Institute, Number: 15974, 29. Acces Date: 17.12.2014.
- Van Soest PJ, Robertson JB, Lewis BA, 1991: Methods of dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber and non starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74, 3583-3597.
- Ventura MR, Pieltin MC, Castanon JIR, 2009: Evaluation of tomato crop by-products as feed for goats. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 154, 271-275.
- Weiss WP, Frobase DL, Koch ME, 1997: Wet tomato pomace ensiled with corn plants for dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 80, 2896-2900.
- Wu JJ, Du RP, Gao M, Sui YQ, Xiu L, Wang X, 2014: Naturally occurring lactic acid bacteria isolated from tomato pomace silage. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 27(5), 648-657.
Toplam 42 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Bölüm | Araştıma |
|---|---|
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 30 Haziran 2017 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 3 Temmuz 2017 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 17 Nisan 2017 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2017 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1 |
