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- Academic Editor
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†These authors contributed equally.
Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) represents a severe threat
to human health. Persistent hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia can lead to damaged
liver function, while effective interventions for these complications are
currently lacking. Deer antler stem cells (AnSCs), a novel type of adult stem
cells, significantly reduced liver injury, which was speculated to be achieved
through the paracrine pathway. Methods: In this study, AnSC-conditioned
medium (AnSC-CM) was used to treat C57BL/6 mice with T1D symptoms induced by
streptozotocin (STZ). The therapeutic effects of AnSC-CM on T1D were evaluated,
and the underlying mechanism was investigated. Results: It was shown
that AnSC-CM alleviated the T1D symptom: decreased body weight, increased blood
glucose levels and islet lesions, and reduced insulin secretion. Moreover,
AnSC-CM treatment improved liver function and mitigated liver injury in T1D mice.
Impressively, the therapeutic effects of AnSC-CM on T1D were better than those of
bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-CM (BMSC-CM). The mechanistic study revealed
that AnSC-CM significantly downregulated the NF-