HyFlex teaching experience and reflections in K-12

Ozan Filiz 1 * , Mehmet Haldun Kaya 2, Tufan Adiguzel 3
More Detail
1 Sinop University, Sinop, TÜRKİYE
2 Izmir University of Economics, Izmir, TÜRKİYE
3 Ozyegin University, Istanbul, TÜRKİYE
* Corresponding Author
Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies, Volume 14, Issue 1, Article No: e202402. https://doi.org/10.30935/ojcmt/13858
OPEN ACCESS   1096 Views   920 Downloads   Published online: 05 Nov 2023
Download Full Text (PDF)

ABSTRACT

This study uses a case study methodology to comprehensively examine HyFlex teaching in the context of K-12 education in a private Turkish school. 60 teachers in 15 disciplines, who had received professional development training in ‘HyFlex lesson plan development,’ participated. Data were collected through lesson plans, pre- and post-implementation reflection reports, and qualitative analysis employed inductive and deductive coding. The findings reveal that well-trained educators with expertise in active learning, formative assessment, cognitive presence, flipped learning, and self-regulated learning effectively implement HyFlex instruction. HyFlex lessons enhance students’ higher-order thinking skills, foster interaction, and build a sense of belonging. However, accommodating asynchronous learners requires careful design. The study acknowledges limitations and suggests future research exploring HyFlex sustainability and comparative analyses with other teaching modes.

CITATION

Filiz, O., Kaya, M. H., & Adiguzel, T. (2024). HyFlex teaching experience and reflections in K-12. Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies, 14(1), e202402. https://doi.org/10.30935/ojcmt/13858

REFERENCES

  • Abdelmalak, M. M. M., & Parra, J. (2016). Expanding learning opportunities for graduate students with HyFlex course design. International Journal of Online Pedagogy and Course Design, 6(4), 19-37. https://doi.org/10.4018/ijopcd.2016100102
  • Anindhyta, C., Sunarno, W., & Budiawanti, S. (2021). Physics virtual learning simulation to enhance students’ critical thinking skill: Virtual learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Hunan University Natural Sciences, 48(5), 157-163.
  • Armstrong, E. D. (2022). Gaps in professional development and knowledge of teaching HyFlex courses in higher education [Doctoral dissertation, University of the Southwest].
  • Asari, S., Husniah, R., Ma’rifah, U., & Anwar, K. (2019). Fostering students’ high order thinking skills through the use of interpretation cards. International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies, 7(4), 17-22. https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijels.v.7n.4p.17
  • Barclay, A., Ceccolini, K., Clarke, K., Domonchık, N., Shapiro, S., Singh, J., Young, M., Hayman, J., Beer, J., & Arseneau, C. (2022). HyFlex course design and teaching strategies. eCampusOntario Pressbooks.
  • Beatty, B. J. (2006). Designing the HyFlex world–Hybrid, flexible courses for all students [Paper presentation]. The Association for Educational Communication and Technology International Conference.
  • Beatty, B. J. (2007). Transitioning to an online world: Using HyFlex courses to bridge the gap. In C. Montgomerie, & J. Seale (Eds.), EdMedia: World conference on educational media and technology (pp. 2701-2706). Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education.
  • Beatty, B. J. (2014). Hybrid courses with flexible participation: The HyFlex course design. In L. Kyei-Blankson, & E. Ntuli (Eds.), Practical applications and experiences in K-20 blended learning environments (pp. 153-177). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4912-5.ch011
  • Beatty, B. J. (2019). Beginnings: Where does hybrid-flexible come from? In B. J. Beatty (Ed.), Hybrid-flexible course design: Implementing student-directed hybrid classes. EdTech Books. https://doi.org/10.59668/33
  • Binnewies, S., & Wang, Z. (2019). Challenges of student equity and engagement in a HyFlex course. In C. Allan, C. Campbell, & J. Crough (Eds.), Blended learning designs in STEM higher education (pp. 209-230). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6982-7_12
  • Bower, M., Dalgarno, B., Kennedy, G. E., Lee, M. J. W., & Kenney, J. (2015). Design and implementation factors in blended synchronous learning environments: Outcomes from a cross-case analysis. Computers & Education, 86, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2015.03.006
  • Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2016). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
  • Carr-Chellman, A., & Duchastel, P. (2000). The ideal online course. British Journal of Educational Technology, 31(3), 229-241. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8535.00154
  • Carter, M. (2021). Study of a HyFlex mathematics course at Delaware Technical Community College [Doctoral dissertation, University of Delaware].
  • Creswell, J. W. (2013). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research. Pearson.
  • Curtis, C. (2019). The effects of writing proficiency on cognitive skills development among international students. Journal of Global Education and Research, 3(1), 71-84. https://doi.org/10.5038/2577-509X.3.1.1026
  • Eshet, Y. (2023). The plagiarism pandemic: Inspection of academic dishonesty during the COVID-19 outbreak using originality software. Education and Information Technologies. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-11967-3
  • Eyal, L., & Gil, E. (2022). Hybrid learning spaces–A three-fold evolving perspective. In E. Gil, Y. Mor, Y. Dimitriadis, & C. Köppe (Eds.), Hybrid learning spaces. Understanding teaching-learning practice (pp. 11-23). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-88520-5_2
  • Fereday, J., & Muir-Cochrane, E. (2006). Demonstrating rigor using thematic analysis: A hybrid approach of inductive and deductive coding and theme development. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 5(1), 80-92. https://doi.org/10.1177/160940690600500107
  • Gillett-Swan, J. (2017). The challenges of online learning. Supporting and engaging the isolated learner. Journal of Learning Design, 10(1), 20-30. https://doi.org/10.5204/jld.v9i3.293
  • Hancock, D. R., & Algozzine, B. (2021). Doing case study research: A practical guide for beginner researchers. Teachers College Press.
  • Hapke, H., Lee-Post, A., & Dean, T. (2021). 3-in-1 hybrid learning environment. Marketing Education Review, 31(2,) 154-161. https://doi.org/10.1080/10528008.2020.1855989
  • Heilporn, G., & Lakhal, S. (2021). Converting a graduate-level course into a HyFlex modality: What are effective engagement strategies? The International Journal of Management Education, 19, 100454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2021.100454
  • Hemmler, V. L., Kenney, A. W., Langley, S. D., Callahan, C. M., Gubbins, E. J., & Holder, S. (2022). Beyond a coefficient: An interactive process for achieving inter-rater consistency in qualitative coding. Qualitative Research, 22(2), 194-219. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468794120976072
  • Jongmuanwai, B., Simmatun, B. P., Teemueangsai, S., & Jedaman, P. (2021). Models of HyFlex learning a having activities base via constructionism for enhancing as critical thinking of undergraduate students. Annals of R.S.C.B, 25(6), 393-403.
  • Joyes, G., Gray, L., & Hartnell-Young, E. (2010). Effective practice with e-portfolios: How can the UK experience inform implementation? Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 26(1), 15-27. https://doi.org/10.14742/ajet.1099
  • Kaur, N., & Bhatt, M. S. 2020. The face of education and the faceless teacher post-COVID-19. Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Research, 2, 39-48. https://doi.org/10.37534/bp.jhssr.2020.v2.nS.id1030.p39
  • Keiper, M. C., White, A., Carlson, C. D., & Lupinek, J. M. (2021). Student perceptions on the benefits of Flipgrid in a HyFlex learning environment. Journal of Education for Business, 96(6), 343-351. https://doi.org/10.1080/08832323.2020.1832431
  • Kohnke, L., & Moorhouse, B. L. (2021). Adopting HyFlex in higher education in response to COVID-19: Students’ perspectives. The Journal of Open, Distance and e-Learning, 36(3), 231-244. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680513.2021.1906641
  • Korson, C. (2022). A place-based approach to blended learning, Journal of Geography in Higher Education, 47(4), 569-588. https://doi.org/10.1080/03098265.2022.2122032
  • Kyei-Blankson, L., Godwyll, F., Nur-Awaleh, M., & Keengwe, J. (2011). The new blend: When students are given the option to choose. In M. Koehler, & P. Mishra (Eds.), Society for information technology & teacher education international conference (pp. 433-436). Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education.
  • Lakhal, S., Khechine, H., & Pascot, D. (2014). Academic students’ satisfaction and learning outcomes in a HyFlex course: Do delivery modes matter? In Proceedings of the E-Learn: World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education (pp. 1075-1083). Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education.
  • Liu, C. Y. A., & Rodriguez, R. C. (2019). Evaluation of the impact of the HyFlex learning model. International Journal of Innovation and Learning, 25(4), 393-411. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJIL.2019.099986
  • Liu, L., Chen, L., & Pugh, K. (2021). Online teaching and learning under COVID-19: Challenges and opportunities, Computers in the Schools, 38(4), 249-255. https://doi.org/10.1080/07380569.2021.1989244
  • Luo, T., & Clifton, L. (2017). Examining collaborative knowledge construction in microblogging-based learning environments. Journal of Information Technology Education: Research, 16, 365-390. https://doi.org/10.28945/3869
  • Malczyk, B. R. (2019). Introducing social work to HyFlex blended learning: A student-centered approach. Journal of Teaching in Social Work, 39(4-5), 414-428. https://doi.org/10.1080/08841233.2019.1652226
  • Malczyk, B. R., & Mollenkopf, D. (2019). Student-centered blended learning: The HyFlex approach to blended Learning. In Proceedings of the Innovation in Pedagogy and Technology Symposium (pp. 86-87).
  • Mantooth, R., Usher, E. L., & Love, A. M. A. (2021). Changing classrooms bring new questions: Environmental influences, self-efficacy, and academic achievement. Learning Environments Research, 24, 519-535. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10984-020-09341-y
  • Mentzer, N., & Mohandas, L. (2022). Student experiences in an interactive synchronous HyFlex design thinking course during COVID-19. Interactive Learning Environments. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2022.2124423
  • Merriam, B. S. (2009). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation. Jossey-Bass.
  • Miller, A. N., Sellnow, D. D., & Strawser, M. G. (2021). Pandemic pedagogy challenges and opportunities: instruction communication in remote, HyFlex, and BlendFlex courses. Communication Education, 70(2), 202-204. https://doi.org/10.1080/03634523.2020.1857418
  • Miller, J., Risser, M., & Griffiths, R. (2013). Student choice, instructor flexibility: Moving beyond the blended instructional model. Issues and Trends in Educational Technology, 1(1), 8-23. https://doi.org/10.2458/azu_itet_v1i1_16464
  • O’Ceallaigh, T. J. (2021). Teacher educators and teaching presence in the asynchronous learning environment: Emerging issues and future priorities. In R. E. Ferdig, & K. E. Pytash (Eds.), What teacher educators should have learned from 2020 (pp. 125-143). https://doi.org/10.21125/iceri.2020.1332
  • O’Ceallaigh, T., Connolly, C., & O Brien, E. (2023). HyFlex pedagogies: Nurturing teacher presence in multi-modal learning spaces post pandemic [version 2; peer review: 2 approved]. Routledge Open Research, 2, 2. https://doi.org/10.12688/routledgeopenres.17674.2
  • Patton, M. Q. (2001). Qualitative Research & Evaluation Methods. SAGE Publications, Thousand Oaks, California, USA.
  • Raes, A., Detienne, L., Windey, I., & Depaepe, F. (2019). A systematic literature review on synchronous hybrid learning: Gaps identified. Learning Environments Research, 23(3), 269-290. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10984-019-09303-z
  • Rajeshwari, M., & Krishna Prasad, K. (2020). Application of IOT in analyzing cognitive skills of students-a systematic literature review. International Journal of Management, Technology, and Social Sciences, 5(1), 158-184. https://doi.org/10.47992/IJMTS.2581.6012.0088
  • Redecker, C. (2017). European framework for the digital competence of educators: DigCompEdu. Publications Office of the European Union.
  • Romero-Hall, E., & Ripine, C. (2021). Hybrid flexible instruction: Exploring faculty preparedness. Online Learning, 25(3), 289-312. https://doi.org/10.24059/olj.v25i3.2426
  • Rovai, A. P., & Jordan, H. M. (2004). Blended learning and sense of community: A comparative analysis with traditional and fully online courses. International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v5i2.192
  • Saldana, J. (2011). Fundamentals of qualitative research: Understanding qualitative research. Oxford University Press.
  • Sezgin, E., & Ulus, L. (2020). An examination of self-regulation and higher-order cognitive skills as predictors of preschool children’s early academic skills. International Education Studies, 13(7), 65-87. https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v13n7p65
  • Shek, D. T., Zhu, X., Li, X., & Dou, D. (2022). Satisfaction with HyFlex teaching and law-abiding leadership education in Hong Kong University students under COVID-19. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 17(5), 2833-2858. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-022-10040-4
  • Smyth, R. (2011). Enhancing learner-learner interaction using video communications in higher education: Implications from theorizing about a new model. British Journal of Educational Technology, 42(1), 113-127. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8535.2009.00990.x
  • Thomson, R., Fisher, J., & Steinert, Y. (2022). Twelve tips for small group teaching 2.0–Rebooted for remote and HyFlex learning. Medical Teacher, 44(5), 494-499. https://doi.org/10.1080/0142159x.2022.2040735
  • Wilson, T. J., & Alexander, M. (2021). HyFlex course delivery: Addressing the change in course modality brought on by the pandemic. Journal of the International Society for Teacher Education, 25(2), 41-58. https://doi.org/10.26522/jiste.v25i2.3668
  • Yin, R. K. (2014). Case study research: Design and methods. SAGE.
  • Yulianto, T., Pramudya, I., & Slamet, I. (2019). Effects of the 21st century learning model and problem-based models on higher order thinking skill. International Journal of Educational Research Review, 4, 749-755. https://doi.org/10.24331/ijere.629084
  • Yuskauskas, A., Shaffer, D. R., & Grodziak, E. M. (2015). Employing disruptive innovation in a nascent undergraduate health policy program. Journal of Health Administration Education, 32(4), 515-541.
  • Zhu, E. (2006). Interaction and cognitive engagement: An analysis of four asynchronous online discussions. Instructional Science, 34(6), 451-480. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11251-006-0004-0
  • Zydney, J. M., McKimmy, P., Lindberg, R., & Schmidt, M. (2018). Here or there instruction: Lessons learned in implementing innovative approaches to blended synchronous learning. TechTrends, 63(2), 123-132. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11528-018-0344-z