Target Terapi Potensial Terkini pada Keganasan Kulit
Abstract
Cancer stem cell (CSC) merupakan sel kanker tertentu yang menunjukkan sifat seperti stem cell (SC) dan mampu memicu atau menginisiasi tumor sehingga sering disebut "sel pemicu tumor". Identifikasi sel primer asal kanker dan penanda CSC sangat penting untuk pengembangan terapi terbaru yang tidak mengenai sel normal, tetapi dapat mempengaruhi sifat sel tumornya. Pada SCs melanoma terdapat banyak penanda seperti CD133, CD44, nestin, TERT dan transporter ABC seperti MDR-1, ABCG2 dan ABCB5. Pertumbuhan sel-sel keganasan dan metastasis pada kulit didorong oleh populasi kecil CSC yang dapat berasal dari populasi SC membran basal dan folikel rambut. Meskipun kemoterapi yang tersedia saat ini dapat meminimalisasir metastasis, namun bersifat sementara dan tidak memperpanjang umur pasien. Kegagalan terapi diduga kuat akibat resistensi obat terhadap sel-sel kanker atau kegagalan membunuh CSC secara efektif. Oleh karena itu, terapi yang menargetkan CSC pada keganasan kulit dapat berpotensi membantu menekan sel tumor disamping tatalaksana utama.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.30596/jih.v2i2.9087
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