بررسی آزمون‌های غیر مخرب مورد استفاده در عیب‌یابی قطعات تولید شده به روش ساخت افزایشی (AM)،

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی مکانیک، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران

2 استاد دانشکده مهندسی مکانیک دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران

چکیده

ساخت افزایشی (AM) ساختن یک قطعه یا جزء نهایی بر اساس رسوب مواد با دقت بالا با استفاده از روش‌های مختلف است. این فرآیند یکی از پیشرفت‌های اصلی در انقلاب صنعتی چهارم به شمار می‌رود و همچنان در حال رشد می‌باشد. انواع مختلفی از روش‌های ساخت افزایشی وجود دارد و امروزه استفاده از روش‌های بازرسی کارآمد برای اطمینان از سطح معینی از کیفیت و تشخیص عیوب و ناپیوستگی‌ها در صنعت مورد نیاز است. امروزه در صنعت، آزمون‌های غیر مخرب (NDT) به طور گسترده و به‌ویژه در ساخت افزایشی، برای اطمینان از کنترل کیفیت کارآمد و نگهداری پیش بینانه بدون تغییر ویژگی‌ها و حالت اولیه مواد مورد استفاده قرار می‌گیرد. هر روش آزمون غیر مخرب بر اساس اصول فیزیکی مختلفی انجام می‌شود و انتخاب و استفاده صحیح از هر آزمون به کاربرد، فرآیند ساخت، نوع ماده و ناپیوستگی‌های احتمالی و بسیاری از موارد دیگر بستگی دارد. متداول‌ترین عیوب ایجاد شده در قطعات AM از نظر ظاهری شامل تخلخل، ناخالصی حبس شده، ترک و نقص در مواد است که عمدتاً ناشی از تغییر در پارامترهای تولید، پارامترهای تزریق و ویژگی‌های اولیه مواد است. در این مقاله به بررسی عملکرد آزمون‌های غیر مخرب به منظور بازرسی قطعات تولید شده به روش ساخت افزایشی پرداخته شد. این آزمون‌ها شامل بازرسی چشمی، آزمون مایع نافذ، آزمون ذرات مغناطیسی، آزمون جریان گردابی، آزمون فراصوت، روبش سی تی با پرتو ایکس (XCT)، آزمون نشرآوایی و آزمون دمانگاری است. کاربرد هر کدام از روش‌های NDT ذکر شده در ساخت افزایشی و مناسب بودن آن‌ها برای تشخیص عیوب قطعات ساخته‌شده به روش AMمورد بررسی قرار گرفت. همچنین میزان حساسیت و مزایا و معایب هر روش ارزیابی شد و انواع نقص، و قابلیت تشخیص این عیوب توسط روش‌های NDT ذکر گردید. با توجه به اینکه 7 دسته روش تولید در ساخت افزایشی وجود دارد، در این تحقیق کاربرد هر آزمون NDT برای دسته‌های مختلف فرآیند AM مورد بحث قرار گرفت و چالش‌های موجود در هر کدام ذکر گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating Non-destructive Tests Used in the Inspection of Parts Produced by Additive Manufacturing (AM) Method,

نویسندگان [English]

  • Asma Soleymani 1
  • mohammad Riahi 2
1 Department of mechanical Engineering. Iran University of Science and Technology. Tehran, Iran
2 Professor, School of Mechanical Engineering, IUST
چکیده [English]

Additive manufacturing (AM) is based on the deposition of materials with high precision to make a final part or component using different methods. This process is considered one of the main developments in the fourth industrial revolution and is still growing. There are many different types of additive manufacturing methods, and today, the use of efficient inspection methods is required to ensure a certain level of quality and detect defects and discontinuities in the industry. Today, in industry, non-destructive testing (NDT) is widely used, especially in additive manufacturing, to ensure efficient quality control and predictive maintenance without changing the properties and initial state of materials. Each non-destructive testing method is based on different physical principles and the correct selection and use of each test depends on the application, manufacturing process, type of material and possible discontinuities and many other things. The most common defects created in AM parts in terms of appearance include porosity, entrapped impurity, cracks, and material defects, which are mainly caused by changes in manufacturing parameters, injection parameters, and initial material properties. In this article, the performance of non-destructive tests was investigated to inspect the parts produced by the additive manufacturing method. These tests include visual inspection, liquid penetrant testing, magnetic particle testing, eddy current testing, ultrasonic testing, XCT, acoustic emission testing and thermography test. The application of each of the mentioned NDT methods in additive manufacturing and their suitability for detecting the defects of parts manufactured by AM method were investigated. Also, the sensitivity, advantages and disadvantages of each method were evaluated and the types of defects and the ability to detect these defects by NDT methods were mentioned. Considering that there are 7 categories of production methods in additive manufacturing, in this research, the application of each NDT test for different categories of AM process was discussed and the challenges in each were mentioned.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Non-destructive testing "
  • "Additive manufacturing "
  • " Porosity "
  • " Inspection

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 02 اسفند 1402
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 13 اسفند 1402
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 18 اسفند 1402

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