نمودها و فراوانی‌‌ی خشونت‌نمادین در برنامه درسی‌ی دوره ابتدایی مدارس تهران
محورهای موضوعی : پژوهش در برنامه ریزی درسی
فرشته اشکان
1
(دانشجوی دکتری برنامه ریزی درسی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی.)
کورش فتحی واجارگاه
2
(استاد گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.)
محبوبه عارفی
3
(دانشیارگروه علوم تربیتی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.)
مهناز اخوان تفتی
4
(استاد گروه روانشناسی تربیتی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه الزهرا، تهران، ایران.)
کلید واژه: برنامه‌درسی, خشونت‌نمادین, دوره‌ی ابتدایی,
چکیده مقاله :
این پژوهش با هدف شناسایی و تبیین خشونت‌نمادین و فراوانی شیوع آن در برنامه درسی مدارس ابتدایی از دیدگاه آموزگاران و کادر اجرایی انجام شد تا ازطریق طرح مسأله و ‎نگاه منتقدانه به تغییر برنامه موجود کمک کند. روش پژوهش پیمایشی و جامعه آماری آن آموزگاران و کادراجرایی مدارس ابتدایی شهرتهران درسال تحصیلی1401-1400 بود. حجم نمونه براساس جدول مورگان، 384 نفر تعیین که به روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی طبقه‌ای انتخاب شدند. ابزارجمع‌آوری اطلاعات پرسشنامه پژوهشگرساخته بود. روایی محتوایی پرسشنامه با جمع‌آوری نظرات متخصصان و محاسبه دو شاخص روایی محتوایی (62/0 تا 1) CVR؛ (79/0تا1) CVIو روایی سازه با تحلیل عاملی تأییدی بررسی ومورد تایید قرار گرفت. پایایی پرسشنامه نیز با محاسبه آلفای کرونباخ (70/0) بررسی و تایید شد. داده‌های گردآوری شده در قالب جدول، نمودار و آزمون t تک نمونه‌ای، تحلیل شد. نتایج نشان داد که انواع خشونت‌نمادین با ماهیت‌های اجتماعی- فرهنگی، ایدئولوژیکی، اقتصادی، سیاسی و غیرفیزیکی درحد بسیارزیادی دردوره ابتدایی رواج دارد و می‌تواند ازطریق تمامی عناصر برنامه درسی اعمال شود. فراوانی آن در محتوای برنامه‌درسی درحد بسیارزیاد؛ در محیط اجرا، زمان آموزش، راهبردهای یاددهی- یادگیری، روش‌های ارزشیابی و جواجتماعی مدرسه درحد زیاد و دراهداف برنامه‌درسی، مواد و منابع آموزشی و معلم تا حدودی، شناسایی شد.
This study aimed to identify the examples and frequency of symbolic violence in the Iranian elementary school curricula according to teachers and school staff in order to help change the existing curricula by raising and critically addressing this problem. The statistical population comprised teachers and staff of elementary schools in Tehran in academic year 2021-2022. Based on Morgan’s table, the sample size was calculated as 384 people who were selected via stratified random sampling. The data were collected via a researcher-made questionnaire. The content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts through content validity ratio (CVR) of 0.62-1 and content validity index (CVI) of 0.79-1. Its construct validity was confirmed via confirmatory factor analysis, and its reliability was 0.70 based on Cronbach’s alpha. The data were analyzed via tables, figures, and one-sample t test. The results revealed that, according to the respondents, different types of sociocultural, ideological, economic, political, and non-physical symbolic violence are widely common in elementary schools and can be imposed through all elements of the curricula. Its frequency was very high in the content of the elementary school curricula, high in the setting, the time of instruction, teaching-learning strategies, assessment methods, and the social atmosphere of schools, and to some extent in the goals of the curricula, teaching sources and materials, and teachers.
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