نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دکتری معماری اسلامی، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر اسلامی تبریز، تبریز ایران.
2 استاد، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر اسلامی تبریز، تبریز، ایران.
3 استاد، دانشکده مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه صنعتی سهند. تبریز. ایران.
چکیده
خلاقیت از دغدغه‌های همیشگی هنرمندان و معماران در دوره‌های مختلف تاریخ بوده است. چالش‌ها و مشکلات معاصر، نیازمند پاسخ‌های جدید و متناسب با اقتضای زمان هستند. با علم به اینکه هدف نهایی معماری ایجاد مکانی برای زندگی مردم است، خلاقیت در این حوزه نیز باید در خدمت ارتقای کیفیت زندگی انسان و پاسخگوی مسایل جدید هر عصر باشد. از این‌رو دست‌یابی به مدلی نظام‌مند که امکان سنجش میزان خلاقیت اثر معماری را فراهم آورد و مولفه‌های تاثیرگذار این حوزه را معرفی کند، می‌تواند گره بسیاری از مشکلات حوزه انسان و محیط را بگشاید و در طراحی آثاری خلاق و ارزشمند نقش‌آفرینی کند. در این پژوهش ابتدا با رویکرد کیفی و روش استدلال منطقی به ارائه مدلی برای سنجش میزان خلاقیت اثر معماری پرداخته شد. در مرحله بعد با رویکرد کمی و روش پیمایشی، میزان خلاقیت 3 بنای تجاری منتخب شهر تبریز که در دهه اخیر و پس از به وجود آمدن نهضت ساخت مال‌ها طراحی و اجرا شده‌اند، محاسبه گردید. طبق یافته‌های پژوهش، خلاقیت دارای دو بعد اساسی نوآوری و فایده است. فایده معماری در پاسخ بنا به نیازهای انسان از محیط معنا پیدا می‌کند و نوآوری در میزان تازگی این پاسخ‌ها نسبت به معماری‌های حوزه مرتبط سنجیده می‌شود. در مدل ارائه شده، ابتدا به سنجش میزان رضایت از قابلیت‌های بنای معماری در پاسخ به نیازهای انسان از محیط پرداخته می‌شود. در مرحله بعد با تطبیق روش SAPPhIRE با محیط معماری، میزان نوآوری پاسخ‌های بنای معماری به نیازهای انسان، با استفاده از این مدل سنجیده می‌شود. نتایج به دست آمده حاکی از این است که در بناهای مورد مطالعه با تمهیداتی چون ایجاد ارتباط بصری بین طبقات، استفاده از فضاهای نیمه‌باز و ایجاد امکان فعالیت‌های متنوع برای اقشار مختلف، خلاقیت معماری ارتقاء یافته است. در نهایت میزان خلاقیت مجتمع لاله‌پارک 0.28، اطلس 0.25 و ستاره‌باران 0.20 محاسبه شد.
چکیده تصویری
)
تازه های تحقیق
- ارائه روشی برای سنجش میزان خلاقیت بناهای معماری بر اساس نوآوری در پاسخگویی به نیازهای انسان از محیط.
- سنجش میزان عددی خلاقیت بناهای تجاری منتخب شهر تبریز.
- تحلیل فضاها و عوامل کالبدی موثر در ارتقاء خلاقیت بناهای تجاری منتخب شهر تبریز.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
A model for assessing the creativity level of the architectural works based on SAPPhIRE method; Case study: Selected commercial buildings in Tabriz city
نویسندگان [English]
- Hamze Pirbabaei 1
- Minou Gharehbaglou 2
- Mohammadali Kaynejad 3
1 Ph.D. in Islamic Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism Tabriz Islamic Art University, Tabriz, Iran.
2 Professor, Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, Tabriz Islamic Art University, Tabriz, Iran.
3 Professor, Civil Engineering Faculty, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz. Iran.
چکیده [English]
Extended Abstract
Background and Objectives: Creativity has been a constant concern of artists and architects in different periods of history. Contemporary challenges and problems require new solutions that fit the requirements of current period. Knowing that the ultimate goal of architecture is to create a place for people to live, creativity in this field should also be directed towards enhancing the quality of human existence and addressing the evolving challenges of each period. Therefore, achieving a systematic model that allows assessing the creativity of the architectural works that introduces the influential components of this field, can solve many problems related to both human society and the environment. Such a model can also contribute significantly to the design of innovative and valuable architectural creations. In this study, a model for evaluating the creativity of architectural designs has been introduced, utilizing the SAPPhIRE method, adapting it to architectural contexts, and considering the authentic human environmental needs. This model takes into account multiple facets of architectural creativity and its compatibility with human well-being, ultimately quantifying the creativity level of each building with a specific numerical value. The model was applied to assess the creativity of LalehPark, Atlas, and Setarehbaran Commercial Buildings in Tabriz city, and the findings have been deliberated upon.
Methods: In this research, two research strategies have been used. At first, with the aim of providing a model to assess the creativity of architectural work, the Delphi research method has been used. The Delphi technique provides a convenient way for experts to reach consensus on a topic without face-to-face interaction. According to this method, in order to adapt and interpret the SAPPhIRE creativity assessment method with the architectural space, an open interview was conducted with architectural elites in the first stage. Next, every participant in the Delphi panel received a questionnaire and ranked and assigned scores to the summarized points derived from the initial phase. By specifying the desired components of the elite panel, the architectural creativity assessment model was completed. Then, with the aim of assessing the level of creativity of selected commercial buildings in Tabriz city, a survey strategy has been used with a quantitative approach. To achieve this objective, the approach involved distributing questionnaires to individuals who had firsthand experience residing in the designated areas, as well as conducting interviews with architects and experts in the field of architecture within the city. Finally, in the present research, after collecting information based on bibliographic studies and understanding the concepts and components of architectural creativity and establishing a logical connection between these components through the Delphi technique and using the opinions of experts, a model was provided for assessing the creativity of architectural works. The authors utilized the provided model to evaluate the creativity levels of LalehPark, Atlas, and Setarehbaran Commercial Buildings in Tabriz city. This assessment involved the completion of questionnaires and conducting interviews, and the subsequent compilation and presentation of the results.
Findings: In most definitions of creativity, two main elements have been introduced for an architectural work to be recognized as creative, innovative and useful. The main benefit and purpose of architecture is to create a suitable environment for human life; therefore, the creativity of architectural works should also be realized in line with attention to human beings and their quality of life. It is not possible to provide human living environment without considering human needs. This is when architecture becomes important – it helps meet those needs in the environment. On the other hand, architectural creativity is valuable when it serves human life and responds to human needs. As a result, architectural creativity should focus on finding fresh and innovative ways to meet human needs in the environment. In this article, we introduced a model to assess the creativity of architectural designs by evaluating their ability to meet human needs within the environment (the benefit of architecture) and measuring the uniqueness of these solutions (architectural innovation). This model was used to assess the creativity of three commercial complexes: LalehPark, Atlas, and Setarehbaran Commercial Buildings. Our findings indicated that LalehPark scored 0.77 in terms of benefit, Atlas scored 0.71, and Setarehbaran scored 0.67. Regarding creativity, LalehPark scored 0.36, Atlas scored 0.35, and Setarehbaran scored 0.30. Consequently, the overall creativity ratings were as follows: LalehPark at 0.28, Atlas at 0.25, and Setarehbaran at 0.20.
Conclusion: Based on the test results, the foremost priority for users of commercial complexes is addressing their physical requirements. In these buildings, spiritual needs hold the least significance for users. Over the past decade, especially during the shopping mall trend in Tabriz city, designers and builders have taken these preferences of the public into account. By incorporating elements like spacious lobbies, enhanced spatial transparency, establishing visual connections between levels, and ensuring clear visibility of vertical access points from main areas, they have successfully created an environment contributing to creativity and meeting the physical needs of visitors. Simultaneously, the introduction of diverse amenities such as cinemas, food courts, amusement parks, and coffee shops has attracted a wide range of people from various age groups and societal backgrounds, leading to the prosperity of these complexes.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Assessing Creativity
- Innovation
- Usefulness
- Human Needs
این مقاله برگرفته از رساله دکتری نویسنده نخست با عنوان «تاثیر فرهنگ بر ارزیابی خلاقیت اثر معماری» می‌باشد که به راهنمایی نویسنده دوم و سوم در دانشگاه هنر اسلامی تبریز انجام گرفته است.
This article is derived from the first author`s doctoral thesis entitled “The Impact of Culture on the Evaluation of Creativity in Architectural Product”, supervised by the second and third authors, at Tabriz Islamic Art University.
- Amabile, T. M. (1996). Creativity in context: Update to “The social psychology of creativity. Boulder, CO: Westview.
- Amirhosseini, k. (2005). Creativity and innovation (basics, principles, techniques). Tehran: Aref Kamel Publications. [In Persian]
- Beghetto, R. A. (2016). Small steps, big wins: A creative approach to instructional leadership. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin.
- Benton, T. & Craib, I. (2015). Philosophy of Social Science: The Philosophical Foundations of Social Thought (5th ed.; S. Mosamiparast & M. Mottahed Trans.). Tehran: Agah Publications. [In Persian]
- Bhaskar, R. (2005). The possibility of naturalism: A Philosophical critique of the contemporary human science. London: Routledge.
- Chakrabarti A and Khadilkar P. (2003). A measure for assessing product novelty. The 14th International Conference on Engineering Design, Stockholm.
- Delbecq, Andre L., Andrew H Van de Ven, David H Gustafson. (1975). Group Techniques for Program Planning: A Guide to Nominal Group and Delphi Processes. Scott: Foresman Glenview, IL.
- Ekhtiyari, M (2012). The Impact of Human Needs and Desires on Architecture. Journal of Soffe (57). [In Persian]
- Feist, G. J. (1998). A meta-analysis of the impact of personality on scientific and artistic creativity. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 2(4): 290–309.
- Frankl, V.E. (2002). Man in search of meaning. (A. Saburi & A. shamim Trans.). Tehran: Seda Qaside. [In Persian]
- Garcia, R and Calantone, R. (2002). A critical look at technological innovation typology and innovativeness terminology: a literature review. Journal of Product Innovation Management (19), 110–132.
- Gharebaghi, A.A. (2006). Difficulty of defining. Bināb Journal (10). [In Persian]
- Grace K, Maher ML, Fisher D and Brady K (2015). Data-intensive evaluation of design creativity using novelty, value, and surprise. International Journal of Design Creativity and Innovation 3(3–4), 125–147.
- Grace, K and Maher, ML. (2016). Surprise-triggered Reformulation of Design Goals, Proceedings of AAAI.
- Hassanzade Amoli, H. (1998). One thousand and one points. Tehran: Markaz-e Našr-e Farhangi-ye Rajā. [In Persian]
- Hojjat, M. (2011). Discuss about concept. Special issue of research design of Sharistan magazine (34-35). [In Persian]
- Hsu, Chia-Chien & Brian A. S. (2007). The Delphi Technique: Making Sense of Consensus. Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation Journal, 21 (10), 1.
- Iwarsson, S., & Ståhl, A. (2003). “Accessibility, Usability and Universal Design - Positioning and Definition of Concepts Describing Person-Environment Relationsships”. Disability and Rehabilitation, 25(2), 57-66.
- James, William. (1892). Text-book of psychology. Macmillan: Oxford University.
- Lang, J. (2009). Creating Architectural Theory. (3rd ed.; A.R. Eynifar, Trans.). Tehran: Tehran university publications. [In Persian]
- Lawton, M. P., & Nahemow, L. (1973). Ecology and the aging process. Washington D.C: American Psychological Association.
- Linstone, H. A. & Murray, T. (2002). The Delphi Method, Techniques and Applications. Melbourne: Addison Wesley Publishing Company.
- Lopez-Mesa B, Mulet E, Vidal R and Thompson G. (2011). Effects of additional stimuli on idea-finding in design teams. Journal of Engineering Design 22, 31–54.
- Lozano, DJ. (2009). Metodología para la eco-innovación en el diseño para desensamblado de productos industriales.
- Maher ML and Fisher DH. (2012). Using AI to evaluate creative designs, DS73-1 Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Design Creativity. Volume 1.
- Mahmoodi, A. S., Zakeri, M. H. (2011). Influence of Design Precedents on Creativity. Journal of Honarhā-ye Zibā (47). [In Persian]
- Maslow, Abraham Harold. (1954). Motivation and Personality. New York: Harper & Row.
- Mathes, Eugene W. (1981). From survival to the universe: Values and Psychological Well-Being. Chicago: Velson-Hall.
- Moazzami, M. (2015). Iran's contemporary architecture; Short-term society, Short-term architecture. Culture of Islamic Architecture & Urbanism Journal 1(1). [In Persian]
- Moss, J. (1966). Measuring Creative Abilities in Junior High School Industrial Arts. American Council on Industrial Arts Teacher Education, Washington, DC.
- Motahhari, M. (2010). Human in Quran (35th ed.). Tehran: Sadra Publications. [In Persian]
- Noghrekar, A.H., Mozaffar, F., Taghdir, S. (2014). Investigating the capabilities of the architectural space to create a platform for responding to human needs from the perspective of Islam. Journal of Islamic Iranian City (15). [In Persian]
- Samad Aghaei, J. (2006). Creativity the essence of entrepreneurship. Tehran: Tehran university publications. [In Persian]
- Shieh, E., Daneshpour, A. & Roosta, M. (2017). Designing a Model of Social Sustainability Place Indicators Using Delphi Method and Shannon Technique. Armanshahr Architecture & Urban development Journal 10(19).
- Simonton, D. K., & Ting, S.-S. (2010). Creativity in Eastern and Western civilizations. The lessons of historiometry. Management and Organization Review, 6(3): 329–350.
- Srinivasan, V., & Chakrabarti, A. (2009). SAPPhIRE. An approach to analysis and synthesis, 17th International Conference on Engineering Design (IC ED09), Stanford, USA.
- Story, M. F., Mueller, J. L., & Mace, R. L. (2011). “The universal design file: Designing for people of all ages and abilities”. Design Research and Methods Journal, 1(1).
- Weisberg, Robert. W. (2006). Creativity: understanding innovation in problem solving, science, invention and the arts. New York: John Wiley & Sonc Inc.
', './data/isau/coversheet/891696926585.jpg'))