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مطالعه ارتباط صفات حاصل از القاء کالوس در جنین بالغ با صفات مزرعه‌ای ‏گندم نان در شرایط متفاوت رطوبتی

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه، کرمانشاه، ایران.‏

2 گروه کشاورزی دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

3 گروه اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران.

چکیده

واکنش 25 ژنوتیپ گندم به القای کالوس در مرحله جنین بالغ و ارتباط صفات حاصل از کشت بافت با صفات زراعی بررسی شد. آزمایش مزرعه‌ای در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار، در شرایط دیم و آبیاری در دانشگاه رازی اجرا شد. در مرحله القای کالوس‌ جنین‌های بالغ 25 ژنوتیپ گندم نان از یک آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه کاملاً تصادفی شامل دو فاکتور، ژنوتیپ در 25 سطح و هورمون 2, 4-D در 3 سطح 1، 2 و 3 میلی‌گرم در لیتر و کینیتین 2/0 میلی‌گرم در لیتر در شش تکرار استفاده شد. تجزیه واریانس در شرایط کشت بافت نشان داد که بین ژنوتیپ‌ها از نظر تمامی صفات بررسی شده به جز درصد محتوی آب نسبی کالوس اختلاف معنی‌داری وجود دارد. تجزیه خوشه‌ای در شرایط آزمایشگاهی و مزرعه‌ای نشان داد که، ژنوتیپ‌های شماره 15 (WC-47638)، 6 (WC-4840)، 13 (WC-5001)، 18 (WC-47569) و رقم پیشتاز به طور مشترک در هر دو شرایط برتر بودند، که بالاترین مقادیر قطر کالوس، وزن تر کالوس، سرعت رشد کالوس، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد چف، طول اکستراژن، وزن دانه در سنبله، نسبت پدانکل به ارتفاع، شاخص برداشت، دوره پر شدن دانه، سرعت رشد رویشی و سرعت پر شدن دانه را به خود اختصاص دادند. بر اساس تجزیه علیت در شرایط آبیاری، به ترتیب صفات وزن هزار دانه، تعداد دانه در سنبله، سرعت رشد رویشی، طول سایر میانگره‌ها، تعداد سنبله در متر مربع، وزن دانه در سنبله و روز تا سنبله‌دهی بیشترین اثر مستقیم را بر صفات کشت بافت دارند. همچنین، بر طبق تابع کانونیک اول برای صفات کشت بافت (V1) و صفات زراعی (W1) در شرایط دیم، گیاهان با مقادیر بالاتر عملکرد دانه، قطر کالوس بیشتر و با وزن هزار دانه بالاتر سرعت رشد کالوس بالاتر و در شرایط آبیاری، گیاهان با عملکرد بالای دانه و وزن دانه در سنبله، سرعت رشد کالوس بیشتری دارند. براساس نتایج بدست آمده صفات بررسی شده معیارهای مناسبی برای گزینش ارقام در شرایط این ویوو و این ویترو هستند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Studying the relationship between traits obtained from ‎callus induction in the mature embryo stage and ‎agronomic traits of bread wheat in different moisture ‎conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fatemeh Bavandpouri 1
  • Ezatollah Farshadfar 1
  • Kianoosh Chegamirza 1
  • Mohsen Farshadfar 2
  • Mohammad Bihamta 3

1 Department of Genetic and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Sciences and Agricultural Engineering , Razi University of Kermanshah of Iran.

2 Department of Agriculture, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran

3 Agronomy Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.

چکیده [English]

This study was aimed to investigate the reaction of wheat different genotypes to callus induction in the mature embryo stage and the relationship between the traits obtained from the tissue culture and the agronomic traits. A field experiment was conducted in the form of randomized complete block design with three replications under rainfed and irrigated conditions in Razi University. In the callus induction stage, mature embryos of 25 bread wheat genotypes from a factorial experiment in the form of a completely randomized basic design including two factors, genotype at 25 levels and 2, 4-D hormone at 3 levels of 1, 2 and 3 mg/L and kinetin 0.2 mg/L was used in six replications. Variance analysis in tissue culture conditions showed that there is a significant difference between genotypes in terms of all investigated traits except the percentage of relative water content of callus. Cluster analysis under laboratory and field conditions showed that genotypes No. 15 (WC-47638), 6 (WC-4840), 13 (WC-5001), 18 (WC-47569) and the Pishtaz cultivar were jointly superior in both conditions and they took the highest values of callus diameter, callus fresh weight, callus growth rate, grain yield, chaff yield, xteragen length, grain weight per spike, peduncle to height ratio, harvest index, seed filling period, vegetative growth rate and seed filling rate. Based on the path analysis in irrigation conditions, the traits of 1000 seed weight, number of seeds per spike, vegetative growth rate, length of other internodes, number of spikes per square meter, grain weight per spike and days to appearance of spike have the most direct effect on tissue culture traits. Also, according to the first canonical function for tissue culture traits (V1) and agronomic traits (W1) in rainfed conditions, plants with higher values of grain yield, larger callus diameter, and with a higher weight of 1000 seeds have a higher callus growth rate and in irrigation conditions, plants with high grain yield and grain weight per spike, callus growth speed is higher. Based on the obtained results, the investigated traits are suitable criteria for selecting cultivars in in vivo and in vitro conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Canonical Correlation
  • Tissue Culture
  • Path Analysis
  • Triticum aestivum L
مراجع
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فصلنامه علمی زیست فناوری گیاهان زراعی
دوره 12، شماره 42 - شماره پیاپی 42
شهریور 1402
صفحه 17-35
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