Cytotoxic Activity Assay of Lime Leaves (Citrus aurantiifolia (Christm.) Swingle) with Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) Method on Artemia fransiscana Kellogg
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Kanker merupakan permasalahan kesehatan dengan peningkatan kasus dan tingkat kematian secara global. Daun jeruk nipis (Citrus aurantiifolia (Christm.) Swingle) diketahui mengandung flavonoid berupa apigenin, kuersetin, dan kaempferol yang berpotensi memiliki aktivitas sitotoksik, sehingga tujuan penelitian ini dilakukan uji sitotoksik dengan metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) untuk mengetahui potensi aktivitas sitotoksik ekstrak etanol daun jeruk nipis. Metode BSLT dilakukan pada nauplii Artemia fransiscana Kellogg berusia 48 jam yang diujikan pada ekstrak etanol daun jeruk nipis dengan berbagai konsentrasi. Konsentrasi yang digunakan yaitu 10, 50, 100, 250, 500, dan 1000 ppm. Pengamatan dilakukan 24 jam setelah Artemia fransiscana Kellogg dibiarkan kontak dengan ekstrak kemudian jumlah nauplii yang mati dihitung. Berdasarkan kematian Artemia fransiscana Kellogg yang didapatkan, dihitung persentase mortalitas dan LC50. Nilai LC50 dapat menentukan potensi sitotoksik sampel uji. Hasil LC50 yang didapatkan pada penelitian ini adalah 89,5159 ppm yang termasuk ke dalam kategori toksik (<500 ppm). Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun jeruk nipis berpotensi memiliki aktivitas sitotoksik yang baik dan dapat dikembangkan untuk penelitian sitotoksik.
ABSTRACT
Cancer is diseases with increasing cases and death rates globally. Lime leaves (Citrus aurantiifolia (Christm.) Swingle) are known with the presence of flavonoids, such as apigenin, quercetin, and kaempferol which have the potential to have cytotoxic activity. So, the aim of this study was to carry out cytotoxicity test using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method to determine cytotoxic activity of the ethanol extract of lime leaves. BSLT method was carried out on 48-hour-old brine shrimps Artemia fransiscana Kellogg which were tested on ethanol extract of lime leaves with various concentrations. The concentrations used were 10, 50, 100, 250, 500 and 1000 ppm. The result observed 24 hour after brine shrimps was first exposed to the extract, then the number of dead larvae was counted. The percentage of mortality and LC50 was calculated based on the death of the brine shrimps. LC50 value determined cytotoxic activity of the test sample. The LC50 obtained in this study were 89,5159 ppm which included as toxic (<500 ppm). These resulta indicate that the ethanol extract of lime leaves has good citotoxic activity potential and could be developed for cytotoxic further research.
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