Aerobic exercise as a protective factor in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Cintia Ramírez-Alvarado

doi:10.29057/mjmr.v11i22.10631

Cintia Ramírez-Alvarado Consultorio Particular https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9330-4000

DOI: https://doi.org/10.29057/mjmr.v11i22.10631

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus type 2, aerobic exercise, protective factor, older adult

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) is considered a chronic degenerative disease, which is one of the most prevalent disorders in the older adult population, representing up to 14% of the world's population. DM2 is associated with chronic complications such as neuropathy, heart failure, nephropathy, retinopathy, among others. Several studies have shown that the constant performance of aerobic exercise in older adults with DM2 favors glycemic control, decreased insulin resistance, as well as improved pancreatic β-cell function. Likewise, aerobic exercise applied to daily life increases self-esteem, and produces a sense of well-being in the older adult. In this sense, aerobic exercise in older adult patients with DM2 gives them a physical and psychological improvement, which translates into a better quality of life. Therefore, the aim of this article is to present the results obtained from the review of several documents where it is observed that aerobic exercise is a protective factor in older adults with DM2.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Petersmann A, Müller-Wieland D, Müller UA, Landgraf R, Nauck M, Freckmann G, et al. Definition, Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus. Exp. Clin. Endocrinol. Diabetes. 2019;127(S 01):S1–7.

Organización Panamericana de la Salud, Organización Mundial de la Salud. Diabetes. 2022 [cited 2022 Sep 21]. Available from: https://www.paho.org/es/temas/diabetes

Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía. Estadísiticas a propósito del día internacional de las personas adultas mayores. Comunicado de prensa. 2022 [cited 2023 Feb 21]. Available from: https://www.un.org/es/observances/older-persons-

Izzo A, Massimino E, Riccardi G, della Pepa G. A Narrative Review on Sarcopenia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Prevalence and Associated Factors. Nutrients. 2021;13(1):183.

Langerman C, Forbes A, Robert G. The experiences of insulin use among older people with Type 2 diabetes mellitus: A thematic synthesis. Prim. Care. Diabetes. 2022;16(5):614–26.

Bellary S, Kyrou I, Brown JE, Bailey CJ. Type 2 diabetes mellitus in older adults: clinical considerations and management. Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 2021;17(9):534–48.

Zanuso S, Balducci S, Jimenez A. Physical activity, a key factor to quality of life in type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Metab. Res. Rev. 2009;25(S1):S24–8.

Amanat S, Ghahri S, Dianatinasab A, Fararouei M, Dianatinasab M. Exercise and Type 2 Diabetes. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 2020;1228:91–105.

Stephenson EJ, Smiles W, Hawley JA. The relationship between exercise,nutrition and type 2 diabetes. Med Sport Sci. 2014;60:1–10.

American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2022. Diabetes Care. 2022;45(Suppl 1):1.

Redondo MJ, Hagopian WA, Oram R, Steck AK, Vehik K, Weedon M, et al. The clinical consequences of heterogeneity within and between different diabetes types. Diabetologia. 2020;63(10):2040–8.

Federación Internacional de Diabetes. Atlas de la Diabetes. Atlas de la diabetes. 2019 [cited 2022 Aug 11]. Available from: https://www. diabetesatlas. org/en

Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía. Estadísticas a propósito del día mundial de la diabetes. 2021. Available from: https://www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/saladeprensa/aproposito/2021/EAP_Diabetes2021.pdf.

Balducci S, Sacchetti M, Haxhi J, Orlando G, D’Errico V, Fallucca S, et al. Physical exercise as therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab. Res. Rev. 2014;30(S1):13–23.

Eckstrom E, Neukam S, Kalin L, Wright J. Physical Activity and Healthy Aging. Clin. Geriatr. Med. 2020;36(4):671–83.

Wang L, Li S, Wei L, Ren B, Zhao M. The Effects of Exercise Interventions on Mental Health in Chinese Older Adults. J. Environ. Public Health. 2022;2022:7265718.

Knapen J, Vancampfort D, Moriën Y, Marchal Y. Exercise therapy improves both mental and physical health in patients with major depression. Disabil. Rehabil. 2015;37(16):1490–5.

Kemmler W, Häberle L, von Stengel S. Effects of exercise on fracture reduction in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Osteoporos. Int. 2013;24(7):1937–50.

Xing H, Lu J, Yoong SQ, Tan YQ, Kusuyama J, Wu XV. Effect of Aerobic and Resistant Exercise Intervention on Inflammaging of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc. 2022;23(5):823-830.e13.

Turcotte LP, Fisher JS. Skeletal Muscle Insulin Resistance: Roles of Fatty Acid Metabolism and Exercise. Phys. Ther. 2008;88(11):1279–96.

Patel H, Alkhawam H, Madanieh R, Shah N, Kosmas CE, Vittorio TJ. Aerobic vs anaerobic exercise training effects on the cardiovascular system. World J. Cardiol. 2017;9(2):134-138.

Vandewalle H, Péerès G, Monod H. Standard Anaerobic Exercise Tests. Sports Med. 1987;4(4):268–89.

Colberg SR, Sigal RJ, Yardley JE, Riddell MC, Dunstan DW, Dempsey PC, et al. Physical Activity/Exercise and Diabetes: A Position Statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. 2016;39(11):2065–79.

Fleg JL. Aerobic exercise in the elderly: a key to successful aging. Discov. Med. 2012;13(70):223–8.

Fleg JL, Morrell CH, Bos AG, Brant LJ, Talbot LA, Wright JG, et al. Accelerated longitudinal decline of aerobic capacity in healthy older adults. Circulation. 2005;112(5):674–82.

Praet SFE, van Loon LJC. Optimizing the therapeutic benefits of exercise in Type 2 diabetes. J. Appl. Physiol. 2007;103(4):1113–20.

Lee PG, Jackson EA, Richardson CR. Exercise Prescriptions in Older Adults. Am. Fam. Physician. 2017;95(7):425–32.

Flórez Villamizar JA, Castelblanco SY, Aguilar Bolívar A. Capacidad aeróbica: actividad física musicalizada, adulto mayor, promoción de la salud. Retos: nuevas tendencias en educación física, deporte y recreación. 2021;39(39):953–60.

Balducci S, Alessi E, Cardelli P, Cavallo S, Fallucca F, Pugliese G. Effects of Different Modes of Exercise Training on Glucose Control and Risk Factors for Complications in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: a Meta-AnalysisResponse to Snowling and Hopkins. Diabetes Care. 2007;30(4):e25–e25.

Motahari-Tabari N, Ahmad Shirvani M, Shirzad-E-Ahoodashty M, Yousefi-Abdolmaleki E, Teimourzadeh M. The Effect of 8 Weeks Aerobic Exercise on Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Glob. J. Health Sci. 2015;7(1):115-121.

Francesconi C, Lackinger C, Weitgasser R, Haber P, Niebauer.Physical activity and exercise training in the prevention and therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Wien. Klin. Wochenschr. 2016;128(2):141–5.

Jiang Y, Tan S, Wang Z, Guo Z, Li Q, Wang J. Aerobic exercise training at maximal fat oxidation intensity improves body composition, glycemic control, and physical capacity in older people with type 2 diabetes. J. Exerc. Sci. Fit. 2020;18(1):7–13.

Hwang CL, Lim J, Yoo JK, Kim HK, Hwang MH, Handberg EM, et al. Effect of All-Extremity High-Intensity Interval Training vs. Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training on Aerobic Fitness in Middle-Aged and Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Exp. Gerontol. 2019;116:46-53.

Marcus RL, Smith S, Morrell G, Addison O, Dibble LE, Wahoff-Stice D, et al. Comparison of Combined Aerobic and High-Force Eccentric Resistance Exercise With Aerobic Exercise Only for People With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Phys. Ther. 2008;88(11):1345–54.

Snowling NJ, Hopkins WG. Effects of Different Modes of Exercise Training on Glucose Control and Risk Factors for Complications in Type 2 Diabetic PatientsA meta-analysis. Diabetes Care. 2006;29(11):2518–27.

Sampath Kumar A, Maiya AG, Shastry BA, Vaishali K, Ravishankar N, Hazari A, et al. Exercise and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann. Phys. Rehabil. Med. 2019;62(2):98–103.

Zanuso S, Jimenez A, Pugliese G, Corigliano G, Balducci S. Exercise for the management of type 2 diabetes: A review of the evidence. Acta Diabetol. 2010;47(1):15–22.

Madsen SM, Thorup AC, Overgaard K, Jeppesen PB. High Intensity Interval Training Improves Glycaemic Control and Pancreatic β Cell Function of Type 2 Diabetes Patients. PLoS One. 2015;10(8):e0133286.

Nieuwoudt S, Fealy CE, Foucher JA, Scelsi AR, Malin SK, Pagadala M, et al. Functional high-intensity training improves pancreatic β-cell function in adults with type 2 diabetes. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 2017;313(3):E314–20.

Mann S, Beedie C, Balducci S, Zanuso S, Allgrove J, Bertiato F, et al. Changes in insulin sensitivity in response to different modalities of exercise: a review of the evidence. Diabetes Metab. Res. Rev. 2014;30(4):257–68.

Umpierre D, Ribeiro PAB, Schaan BD, Ribeiro JP. Volume of supervised exercise training impacts glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review with meta-regression analysis. Diabetologia. 2013;56(2):242–51.

Umpierre D, Ribeiro PAB, Kramer CK, Leitão CB, Zucatti ATN, Azevedo MJ, et al. Physical activity advice only or structured exercise training and association with HbA1c levels in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2011;305(17):1790–9.

Pesta DH, Goncalves RLS, Madiraju AK, Strasser B, Sparks LM. Resistance training to improve type 2 diabetes: working toward a prescription for the future. Nutr. Metab. (Lond). 2017;14:24.

Maiorana A, O’Driscoll G, Cheetham C, Dembo L, Stanton K, Goodman C, et al. The effect of combined aerobic and resistance exercise training on vascular function in type 2 diabetes. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2001;38(3):860–6.

Slentz CA, Bateman LA, Willis LH, Granville EO, Piner LW, Samsa GP, et al. Effects of exercise training alone vs a combined exercise and nutritional lifestyle intervention on glucose homeostasis in prediabetic individuals: a randomised controlled trial. Diabetologia. 2016;59(10):2088–98.

Martínez-Velilla N, Valenzuela PL, Sáez De Asteasu ML, Zambom-Ferraresi F, Ramírez-Vélez R, García-Hermoso A, et al. Effects of a Tailored Exercise Intervention in Acutely Hospitalized Oldest Old Diabetic Adults: An Ancillary Analysis. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2021;106(2):E899–906.