A recent IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Changes) report clearly showed that the emission of greenhouse gases has already changed world climate, such as severe heat waves, rises in global mean sea level, summer droughts, wild fire, more intense precipitation, and increasing number of large typhoon, cyclones and hurricanes. The average global temperature is expected to rise by 1.4 to 5.8°C by 2100, potentially raising the sea level to rise a maximum 88 centimeters by melting of glacier of the Antarctic. High temperatures may increase survival among arthropod vector in the winter season in Temperate Zone and accelerate the spread of vectors such as Asian Tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, in Japan, USA and Europe.
Global warming, extreme climate change, changing physical distribution, and an increase in oversea travel are also expected influence the epidemiology of vector-borne infectious diseases.