To evaluate the predictive role of the oncogene p53, the proliferating marker Ki-67, angiogenic factors platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor/thymidine phosphorylase (PDECGF/dThdPase) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in primary hypopharyngeal carcinoma, we immunohistochemically studied a series of 84 primary hypopharyngeal carcinoma patients who were treated at the Department of Otolaryngology of Kurume University Hospital between 1990 and 1997. The correlation of each score according to the intensity and percentage of the labeled cells with the TNM stage, histological grade, metastasis and survival status was analyzed. The positive rate of p53 was 52.4%. The percentages of Ki-67 labeled cells in patients with or without metastasis showed a significant difference (p=0.011). VEGF also showed a significant difference between the live and death groups (p<0.05) and also among the differentiation group (p<0.05). A statistically significant correlation was also seen between the score of Ki-67 and VEGF (r=0.438, p<0.001) or the score of Ki-67 and PD-ECGF (r=0.259, p<0.001), respectively. In conclusion, the present study suggests that a correlation exists between proliferating and angiogenesis, and VEGF and Ki-67 are thus considered to be possible prognostic discriminators in hypopharyngeal carcinoma.