An innovative approach in physical education: Exploring the impact of interactive virtual reality on motor skills
Keywords:
Metaverse, virtual reality, physical education, motor skillsAbstract
Background Problems: Recent advancements in virtual reality (VR) technology have expanded its practical application in enhancing physical activity and motor skill acquisition among children. Research Objectives: This study aims to investigate the impact of interactive virtual reality software on the motor skills of 11- to 12-year-old elementary school children. Methods: Employing a quantitative approach with quasi-experimental methods, the research was conducted on 34 students from Lontar 481 Public Elementary School in Surabaya, selected through purposive sampling. The instruments used in the physical education learning process using virtual reality media include pre-test and post-test stages, which combine understanding of motor skills, practice, and evaluation by the teacher based on the correctness, fluency, and completeness of student actions. The procedure involved the treatment of experimental group subjects using virtual reality for 40 minutes in the control group, which was carried out conventionally. It was analysed using SPSS via a t-test, and the significance level was set at P < 0.05. Findings/Results: These findings showed a significant positive impact of virtual reality technology on students' motor development and confidence in performing movements, compared to the control group who underwent traditional learning. Conclusion: Research shows that utilising virtual reality programmes increases students' confidence in learning physical activities, especially for those at lower performance levels. The novelty of this research lies in its demonstration of virtual reality's capacity to improve children's motor competence in the context of physical education. Overall, the findings of this study contribute to physical activity and motor skills regarding the use of virtual reality media for elementary school children.
Downloads
Author Biographies
I Gede Dharma Utamayasa, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Pedagogy and Psychology, Universitas PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia
Email: dharmautamayasa@unipasby.ac.id
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5307-7285
Riga Mardhika , Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Pedagogy and Psychology, Universitas PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia
Email: riga@unipasby.ac.id
https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1244-018X
References
Camas, L., Valero, A., & Vendrell, M. (2021). The teacher-student relationship in the use of social network sites for educational purposes: A systematic review. Journal of New Approaches in Educational Research, 10(1), 137-156. https://doi.org/10.7821/naer.2021.1.591
Chang, K. E., Zhang, J., Huang, Y. S., Liu, T. C., & Sung, Y. T. (2020). Applying augmented reality in physical education on motor skills learning. Interactive Learning Environments, 28(6), 685–697. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2019.1636073
Chu, Y., Chen, C., Wang, G., & Su, F. (2022). The effect of education model in physical education on student learning behavior. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 944507, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.944507
Ding, Y., Ding, Y., Li, Y., & Cheng, L. (2020). Application of internet of things and virtual reality technology in college physical education. IEEE Access, 8, 96065–96074. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2992283
Dumuid, D., Olds, T., Lewis, L. K., Martin-Fernández, J. A., Katzmarzyk, P. T., Barreira, T., Broyles, S. T., Chaput, J.-P., Fogelholm, M., Hu, G., Kuriyan, R., Kurpad, A., Lambert, E. V, Maia, J., Matsudo, V., Onywera, V. O., Sarmiento, O. L., Standage, M., Tremblay, M. S., … Maher, C. (2017). Health-Related Quality of Life and Lifestyle Behavior Clusters in School-Aged Children from 12 Countries. The Journal of Pediatrics, (183), 178-183.e2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.12.048
Ericsson, I., & Karlsson, M. (2014). Motor skills and school performance in children with daily physical education in school: A 9-year intervention study. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 24, 273-278. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2012.01458.x
Feng, J. (2023). Application and exploration of the innovation of physical education model empowered by the metaverse technology. Curriculum and Teaching Methodology, 6(1), 123–127. https://doi.org/10.23977/curtm.2023.060120
Grabowski, A., & Jankowski, J. (2015). Virtual reality-based pilot training for underground coal miners. Safety Science, 72, 310–314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2014.09.017
Guo, H., & Gao, W. (2022). Metaverse-powered experiential situational english-teaching design: an emotion-based analysis method. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.859159
Jell, C. (2017). Gross Motor Development. Early Years Educator, 18(10), 8–9. https://doi.org/10.12968/eyed.2017.18.10.viii
Kiefer, A. W., Pincus, D., Richardson, M. J., & Myer, G. D. (2017). Virtual reality as a training tool to treat physical inactivity in children. Frontiers in Public Health, 5, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2017.00349
Kye, B., Han, N., Kim, E., Park, Y., & Jo, S. (2021). Educational applications of metaverse: possibilities and limitations. Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions, 18(32), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2021.18.32
Lee, H. S., & Lee, J. (2021). The effect of elementary school soccer instruction using virtual reality technologies on students’ attitudes toward physical education and flow in class. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(6), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13063240
Lee, J., Yoon, H. K., & Kim, D. (2023). Design of metaverse-based physical fitness service for the enhancement of exercise capability for youth. Mobile Information Systems, (2023), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/7272781
Meng, J. (2021). College physical education teaching aided by virtual reality technology. Mobile Information Systems, (2021), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/3052895
Mokmin, N. A., & Jamiat, N. (2021). The effectiveness of a virtual fitness trainer app in motivating and engaging students for fitness activity by applying motor learning theory. Education and Information Technologies, 26(2), 1847-1864. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-020-10337-7
Osumi, M., Inomata, K., Inoue, Y., Otake, Y., Morioka, S., & Sumitani, M. (2019). Characteristics of phantom limb pain alleviated with virtual reality rehabilitation. Pain Medicine (Malden, Mass.), 20(5), 1038–1046. https://doi.org/10.1093/pm/pny269
Palao, J. M., Hastie, P. A., Cruz, P. G., & Ortega, E. (2015). The impact of video technology on student performance in physical education. Technology, Pedagogy and Education, 24(1), 51–63. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:62676504
Pratama, B. A., Sucipto, S., & Nanda Hanief, Y. (2022). Improving learning in physical education: augmented reality mobile app-based for fundamental motor skill. Jurnal SPORTIF : Jurnal Penelitian Pembelajaran, 8(2), 314–326. https://doi.org/10.29407/js_unpgri.v8i2.18508
Rocliffe, P., O’Keeffe, B. T., Sherwin, I., Mannix-McNamara, P., & MacDonncha, C. (2023). School-based physical education, physical activity and sports provision: A concept mapping framework for evaluation. Plos one, 18(6), e0287505. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287505
Seshadri, D. R., Li, R. T., Voos, J. E., Rowbottom, J. R., Alfes, C. M., Zorman, C. A., & Drummond, C. K. (2019). Wearable sensors for monitoring the internal and external workload of the athlete. NPJ Digital Medicine, 2(71), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-019-0149-2
Suh, W., & Ahn, S. (2022). Utilizing the metaverse for learner-centered constructivist education in the post-pandemic era: An analysis of elementary school students. Journal of Intelligence, 10(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence10010017
Tarng, W., Pan, I. C., & Ou, K. L. (2022). Effectiveness of virtual reality on attention training for elementary school students. Systems, 10(4), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.3390/systems10040104
Wang, Y., Chen, A., Schweighardt, R., Zhang, T., Wells, S., & Ennis, C. (2019). The nature of learning tasks and knowledge acquisition: The role of cognitive engagement in physical education. European Physical Education Review, 25(2), 293–310. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356336x17724173
Wang, Y., & Mughaid, A. (2022). Design of a virtual reality-based learning system for spoken english. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning, 17(24), 25–41. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v17i24.35655
Yang, Z. (2022). Digital transformation to advance high-quality development of higher education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange, 15(2), 15–23. https://doi.org/10.18785/jetde.1502.02
Yu, H., & Mi, Y. (2023). Application model for innovative sports practice teaching in colleges using internet of things and artificial intelligence. Electronics (Switzerland), 12(4), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12040874
Yu, J. E. (2022). Exploration of educational possibilities by four metaverse types in physical education. Technologies, 10(5), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.3390/technologies10050104
Zhang, T. (2020). Virtual reality and its effectiveness on motor development and rehabilitation in children with disorders. American Journal of Biomedical Science & Research, 7(3), 269–273. https://doi.org/10.34297/ajbsr.2020.07.001156
Zhang, X., Chen, Y., Hu, L., & Wang, Y. (2022). The metaverse in education: definition, framework, features, potential applications, challenges, and future research topics. Frontiers in Psychology, 13(10), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1016300
Zhang, X., Shi, Y., & Bai, H. (2021). Immersive virtual reality physical education instructional patterns on the foundation of vision sensor. Journal of Sensors, 2021(16), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/7752447
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2024 I Gede Dharma Utamayasa, Riga Mardhika
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, search, or link to full-text articles in this journal without asking by giving appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. All of the remix, transform, or build upon the material must distribute the contributions under the same license as the original.
Accepted 2023-12-04
Published 2024-01-06
.png)
.png){kind=logo}
.png)
1.png){kind=icon}
