Evaluating GPT-3 Generated Explanations for Hateful Content Moderation

Evaluating GPT-3 Generated Explanations for Hateful Content Moderation

Han Wang, Ming Shan Hee, Md Rabiul Awal, Kenny Tsu Wei Choo, Roy Ka-Wei Lee

Proceedings of the Thirty-Second International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence
AI for Good. Pages 6255-6263. https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2023/694

Recent research has focused on using large language models (LLMs) to generate explanations for hate speech through fine-tuning or prompting. Despite the growing interest in this area, these generated explanations' effectiveness and potential limitations remain poorly understood. A key concern is that these explanations, generated by LLMs, may lead to erroneous judgments about the nature of flagged content by both users and content moderators. For instance, an LLM-generated explanation might inaccurately convince a content moderator that a benign piece of content is hateful. In light of this, we propose an analytical framework for examining hate speech explanations and conducted an extensive survey on evaluating such explanations. Specifically, we prompted GPT-3 to generate explanations for both hateful and non-hateful content, and a survey was conducted with 2,400 unique respondents to evaluate the generated explanations. Our findings reveal that (1) human evaluators rated the GPT-generated explanations as high quality in terms of linguistic fluency, informativeness, persuasiveness, and logical soundness, (2) the persuasive nature of these explanations, however, varied depending on the prompting strategy employed, and (3) this persuasiveness may result in incorrect judgments about the hatefulness of the content. Our study underscores the need for caution in applying LLM-generated explanations for content moderation. Code and results are available at https://github.com/Social-AI-Studio/GPT3-HateEval.
Keywords:
AI for Good: Natural Language Processing
AI for Good: AI Ethics, Trust, Fairness
AI for Good: Data Mining