This paper deals with the analysis by the strain incremental theory for the deformation of thin-walled cylinder of finite length subjected to hydrostatic internal pressure and axial load, and also deals with the comparison between the results of this analysis and the previous ones due to the logarithmic total strain theory. It is assumed that the material of the cylinder is isotropic and rigid-plastic and obeys the power law of strain hardening. The Levy-Mises stress-strain relations and von Mises' yield condition are used. Stress and strain distribution, relation between the internal pressure and the center radius, maximum internal pressure, critical expanding radius, etc. are obtained in relation to length/diameter ratio, L/D, strain hardening exponent, axial load, existence of die, etc. It becomes evident that the results of the analysis by both theories show good agreement for long cylinders (L/D _??_2-3), but when the cylinder is short (L/D_??_2-3) discrepancy appears because the stress ratio considerably changes as the deformation of the cylinder develops. Therefore, it is desirable to apply the strain incremental theory to analyze the deformation of the short cylinders.