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Поволжская археология

Landscapes of Smolensk Oblast as a Consequence of Ancient Anthropogenic Activity: Paleoecological Study of Radomsky Mokh Swamp

Lavrenov N.G., Ershova E.G., Krenke N.A., Zhuravkova M.M. (Moscow, Russian Federation)


page 235–246

UDC 913.1/913.8

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24852/pa2021.4.38.235.246


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The results of a paleoecological study of a peat deposit in Radomsky Mokh area (Smolensk Oblast, Krasninsky District) made it possible to reconstruct the history of the region's landscapes over the last 4 thousand years and identify its 4 contrasting periods. The reservoir was a lake at first, after which the pollen spectrum is dominated by pollen from native tree species. After a series of fires on the boundary of the Bronze and Early Iron Ages (3173–2969 14C calendar years ago) (2σ, 99.7%)) a forested mesotrophic swamp formed at the site of the lake, and pollen from pioneer trees with an admixture of alder started to dominate the pollen spectrum. At the third stage, the swamp became mesotrophic, and the landscapes around it become open, which is evidenced by an increase in the proportion of grasses and anthropogenic indicators in the pollen spectrum. The same period is marked with the appearance of pollen of cultivated grasses (2992–2912 simulated years ago), which coincides with the distribution of the monuments of the Dnieper-Dvinian culture in the study area. At the last stage, the swamp became oligotrophic, and a stable curve of cultivated grasses appeared (mid-1st Millennium AD), indicating the spread of agriculture in the study area. The absence of known archaeological sites in an 8-kilometer radius around Radomsky Mokh most likely indicates an insufficient archaeological study level of the area, whereas the economic development of the vicinity of the tract started at the boundary of the Bronze and Early Iron Ages.

Keywords

archaeologylandscape historypalynologySmolensk Oblast

About the author(s)

Lavrenov Nikita G. Lomonosov Moscow State University. GSP – 1, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation; Kazan (Volga region) Federal University. Kremlyovskaya St., 18, Kazan, 420008, Russian Federation; lavren.ng@gmail.com

Ershova Ekaterina G. Candidate of Biology Sciences, Associate Professor, Lomonosov Moscow State University. GSP – 1, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation; Kazan (Volga region) Federal University. Kremlyovskaya St., 18, Kazan, 420008, Russian Federation; ekaterinagershova@mail.ru

Krenke Nikolay A. Doctor of Historical Sciences. Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Dmitriya Ulyanova Str., 19, Moscow, 117292, Russian Federation;

nkrenke@mail.ru

Zhuravkova Margarita M. Lomonosov Moscow State University. GSP – 1, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation; ritameteleva@mail.ru