Abstract
The renewable mercury film electrode, applied for the determination of papaverine traces using differential pulse adsorptive stripping voltammetry (DP AdSV) is presented. The calibration graph obtained for papaverine is linear from 1.25 nM (0.42 µg L−1) to 95 nM (32.2 µg L−1) for a preconcentration time of 60 s, with correlation coefficient of 0.998. For the renewable mercury electrode (Hg(Ag)FE) with a surface area of 9.1 mm2 the detection limit for a preconcentration time of 60 s is 0.7 nM (0.24 µg L−1). The repeatability of the method at a concentration level of the analyte as low as 17 µg L−1, expressed as RSD is 3.3% (n=5). The proposed method was successfully applied and validated by studying the recovery of papaverine from drugs, urine and synthetic solution. 
[1] C.A. Ventura, G. Puglisi, M. Zappala, G. Mazzone, J. Pharm. 160, 163 (1998) 10.1016/S0378-5173(97)00317-7Search in Google Scholar
[2] S. Li, C. He, H. Liu, et al., J. Chromatogr. B. 826, 58 (2005) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2005.08.00510.1016/j.jchromb.2005.08.005Search in Google Scholar
[3] A. El-Gindy, Farmaco. 60,(745) 2005 10.1016/j.farmac.2005.06.002Search in Google Scholar
[4] J.R. Wickens, R. Sleeman, B.J. Keely, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 20, 473 (2006) http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.232510.1002/rcm.2325Search in Google Scholar
[5] N.T. Abdel-Ghani, A.F. Shoukry, Y.M. Issa, O.A. Wahdan, J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 28, 373 (2002) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0731-7085(01)00607-010.1016/S0731-7085(01)00607-0Search in Google Scholar
[6] E.E. Karibyan, I.P. Shesterova, Sh. T. Talipov, Zh. Anal. Khim. 34, 1354 (1979) (in Russian) Search in Google Scholar
[7] S. Zhang, Y. Zhuang, H. Ju, Anal. Lett. 37, 143 (2004) http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/AL-12002778010.1081/AL-120027780Search in Google Scholar
[8] Y.F. Zhuang, S.C. Zhang, J.S. Yu, H. X. Ju, Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 375, 281 (2003) 10.1007/s00216-002-1651-xSearch in Google Scholar PubMed
[9] F. Wei, M. Zhang, Y.Q. Feng, Electrophoresis 27, 1939 (2006) http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.20050082410.1002/elps.200500824Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[10] M.M. Reddy, V. Suresh, G. Jayashanker, et al., Electrophoresis 24, 1437 (2003) http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.20039018510.1002/elps.200390185Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[11] S.C. Pinzaru, N. Leapold, I. Pavel, W. Kiefer, Spectrochim. Acta A: Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc. 60, 2021 (2004) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2003.10.01910.1016/j.saa.2003.10.019Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[12] M. Eisman, M. Gallego, M. Varcarcel, J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 12, 179 (1994) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0731-7085(94)90028-010.1016/0731-7085(94)90028-0Search in Google Scholar
[13] I.F. Abdullin, G.K. Budnikov, G.Yu. Nafikova, R.M. Badretdenova, Zh. Anal. Khim. 49, 773 (1994) (in Russian) Search in Google Scholar
[14] W.J. Cabrera, M.A. Kaempfe, M.D. Urzúa, H.E. Rios, J. Colloid. Interface Sci. 295, 155 (2006) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2005.07.06110.1016/j.jcis.2005.07.061Search in Google Scholar
[15] M. Kuznetsova, S. Kartamyshev, S. Ryasenskii, I. Gorelov, Khim.-Farm. Zh. 39, 42 (2005) (in Russian) 10.1007/s11094-005-0077-0Search in Google Scholar
[16] B. Magnuszewska, J. Ostrowska, Z. Figaszewski, Chem. Anal. (Warsaw) 45, 105 (2000) Search in Google Scholar
[17] C. Eppelsheim, R. Aubeck, N. Hampp, C. Brauchle, Analyst 116, 1001 (1991) http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/an991160100110.1039/AN9911601001Search in Google Scholar
[18] R. Kalvoda, Anal. Chim. Acta. 162, 197 (1984) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(00)84241-510.1016/S0003-2670(00)84241-5Search in Google Scholar
[19] Y.H. Zeng, G.R. Zhang, Fenxi Huaxue 23, 1137 (1995) Search in Google Scholar
[20] G.K. Ziyatdinova, A.I. Samigulin, G.K. Budnikov, J. Anal. Chem. 56, 457 (2007) Search in Google Scholar
[21] B. Baś, Z. Kowalski, Electroanalysis 14, 1067 (2002) http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-4109(200208)14:15/16<1067::AID-ELAN1067>3.0.CO;2-510.1002/1521-4109(200208)14:15/16<1067::AID-ELAN1067>3.0.CO;2-5Search in Google Scholar
[22] B. Baś, Anal. Chim. Acta 570, 195 (2006) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2006.04.01310.1016/j.aca.2006.04.013Search in Google Scholar
[23] P. Kapturski, A. Bobrowski, J. Electroanal. Chem. 617, 1 (2008) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2008.01.00710.1016/j.jelechem.2008.01.007Search in Google Scholar
[24] P. Kapturski, A. Bobrowski, Electroanalysis 19, 1863 (2007) http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.20070399210.1002/elan.200703992Search in Google Scholar
[25] R. Piech, B. Baś, W.W. Kubiak, Talanta 76, 295 (2008) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2008.02.03810.1016/j.talanta.2008.02.038Search in Google Scholar
[26] R. Piech, B. Baś, W.W. Kubiak, Electroanalysis 19, 2342 (2007) http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.20070398810.1002/elan.200703988Search in Google Scholar
[27] A. Bobrowski, M. Gawlicki, P. Kapturski, V. Mirceski, F. Spasovski, J. Zarębski Electroanalysis 21, 36 (2009) http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.20080433610.1002/elan.200804336Search in Google Scholar
[28] R. Piech, Electroanalysis 22, 1851 (2010) http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.20100017610.1002/elan.201000176Search in Google Scholar
[29] S. Skrzypek, Electroanalysis 23, 2781 (2011) http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.20110034310.1002/elan.201100343Search in Google Scholar
[30] S. Skrzypek, S. Smarzewska, W. Ciesielski, Electroanalysis 24, 1153 (2012) http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.20110071510.1002/elan.201100715Search in Google Scholar
[31] S. Smarzewska, S. Skrzypek, W. Ciesielski, Electroanalysis 24, 1591 (2012) http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.20120016410.1002/elan.201200164Search in Google Scholar
[32] M. Brycht, O. Vajdle, J. Zbiljić, Z. Papp, V. Guzsvány, S. Skrzypek, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci. 7, 10652 (2012) Search in Google Scholar
© 2013 Versita Warsaw
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.
