The relationship between the concentration and characteristics of air contaminants in the work place and potential hazards after their inhalation depends greatly on their patterns of depositions and the rates and pathways for their clearance from the deposition sites . Exposure values for dust containing crystalline silica have been based on the quantitative concept that the magnitude of the toxicity is proportional to the concentration of crystalline silica in the respirable dust.Preventive measures for pneumoconiosis divide into following 2 branches . (1) Medical control and management including guidance for livelihood, replacement, rest, treatment and education. (2) Environmental control including monitoring, emission control, isolation of hazardous process. Mineralogy has played an important role in both branches of the protective procedure. This review presents the knowledge on lung dust, cytotoxicity and fibrogenetic activity of minerals and control procedures for pneumoconiosis from viewpoint of mineralogists.