Arabidopsis thaliana that is well known as a model plant by taking advantage of its molecular biological background, while bioactive substances of A. thaliana have been hardly reported except for some examples of plant hormones. So, we demonstrated search for bioactive substances from A. thaliana. As a result, four new glycolipids, named arabidopsides A (1), B (2), C (3), and D (4), were isolated from the aerial parts of this plant, together with a monogalacotsyl diacylglyceride (5). The structures of 1〜4 were elucidated by HRESIMS, 2D NMR, enzymatic reaction, and chemical means. Arabidopsides A〜D (1〜4) were rare monogalactosyl and digalactosyl diacylglycerides containing 12-oxophytodienoic acid (OPDA) and/or dinor-oxophytodienoic acid (dn-OPDA). OPDA and dn-OPDA are biosynthetic precursors of jasmonic acid (JA), so it suggests that arabidopsides A〜D (1〜4) are related to JA biosynthesis pathway. Compound 1 exhibited inhibitory effect on the growth of the root of cress (Lepidium sativum) at 5×10^<-5>M. On the other hand, compound 5 induced flower bud formation of A. thaliana exposed to long day condition for only 1 day, which the decrease of a HPLC peak corresponded with compound 5 was detected in the extract of flower buds-forming A. thaliana comparing with that of non-flower buds-forming ones. These results suggest that compound 5 as the precursor or the substrate of flower bud-forming substance(s) plays important roles in the flower bud formation in A. thaliana.