The main purpose of this thesis is to make the following points sufficiently clear: (1) what position village communities held, and (2) what role they played, in the construction and maintainance of village elementary schools in the beginning of the Meiji era. To attain this purpose studies have been made into the subject of the School Farm System introduced in Aomori Prefecture of those days. In conclusion, (1) village elementary schools were regarded as the common. property of the village community members and (2) the Meiji administrative power practiced usurpation upon village communities so as to establish modern educational system in their place.