Our compilation of specimens distributed in exsiccatae, a survey of the bryological literature through the end of June 2007, and the authors' recent collections establish that the bryophyte flora of Yakushima Island consists of 665 species, 3 subspecies, 20 varieties, and 2 forms (in 82 families and 252 genera). Included are 355 species, 1 subspecies, 18 varieties, and 2 forms of mosses (in 37 families and 87 genera), 304 species, 2 subspecies and 2 varieties of liverworts (in 37 families and 87 genera), and 6 species of hornworts (in 1 family and 5 genera).