This paper considers the Ping-Liu-Li Uprising of 1906 from the viewpoint of popular culture surrounding the Mid-autumn festival, and focuses on the following three points. First, the Ping-Liu-Li Uprising consisted of many phases, and rumors about the uprising which appeared in the Mid-autumn festival played an important role. The second point is the ideals and world view of the people were contained in the rumors. The third point concerns the connection between those ideals and world view and several leaders of the Tong Meng Hui and the Hong River Society. The Ping-Liu-Li Uprising started with an appeal from the Tong Meng Hui to the secret societies, which resulted in the organization of the Hong River Society. However, the main factor which led to the uprising was popular ideals and world view as reflected in Mid-autumn festival : the idea of the present world coming to an end, the appearance of a savior, and the realization of a peaceful world. It was believed that a savior would come to earth on the night of the Mid-autumn festival and save the people. Ultimately, this meant the return of the fundamental world. It has been said that the Ping-Liu-Li Uprising was raised by leaders of the Tong Meng Hui and the Hong River Society. However, the ideals and world view of the people also played an important role in this uprising. This phenomenon was to be repeated in the Revolution of 1911.