Senyawa Peningkat Penetrasi pada Sistem Penghantaran Obat Topikal Berdasarkan Lipofilisitas Senyawa Obat

Nikita Christinne, Eri Amalia

Abstrak

Formulasi obat merupakan faktor penting yang menentukan penghantaran obat secara optimal ke target terapi pada semua bentuk sediaan dan rute pemberiannya. Terutama pada sediaan dengan rute pemberian topikal, tidak hanya bahan aktif farmasi namun peran bahan tambahan dalam formulasi juga sangat penting. Hal ini karena obat topikal harus melewati beberapa lapisan kulit untuk mencapai aliran darah dan memberikan efek obat sehingga efikasinya bergantung pada tingkat penetrasi ke kulit. Kemajuan teknologi telah berhasil menemukan cara meningkatkan penetrasi obat baik secara kimia maupun fisika yang dapat dipilih berdasarkan tujuan terapi. Penelitian ini bertujuan memberikan informasi mengenai senyawa peningkat penetrasi, termasuk sifat dan mekanismenya yang saat ini telah digunakan untuk senyawa obat dengan lipofilisitas berbeda. Data berasal dari 56 literatur yang diperoleh melalui pencarian pada database NCBI, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, dan PubMed dengan kata kunci “penetration enhancer AND mechanism”, “penetration enhancer AND polar OR non polar”, “lipophilicity AND topical drug”, dan “penetration enhancer mechanism”. Hasil penelusuran informasi menunjukkan bahwa senyawa peningkat penetrasi polar seperti alkohol dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan penetrasi senyawa obat yang bersifat hidrofilik dengan cara mengganggu struktur lipid bilayer antar sel, yaitu dengan berinteraksi dengan gugus kepala polar dari lipid bilayer atau interkalasi. Sedangkan, senyawa peningkat penetrasi non polar seperti asam lemak, terpen, glikol, atau sulfoksida dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan penetrasi senyawa obat hidrofobik dengan cara berinteraksi dengan rantai hidrokarbon pada lipid bilayer yang mengakibatkan fluidisasi. Surfaktan dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan penetrasi senyawa obat hidrofilik dan hidrofobik dengan cara dengan mengganggu susunan keratin intraseluler.

Kata Kunci

Jalur Penetrasi Kulit, Koefisien Partisi, Senyawa Peningkat Penetrasi, Sistem Penghantaran Obat, Topikal

Teks Lengkap:

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Referensi

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