ORIGINAL ARTICLE   

Panminerva Medica 2023 September;65(3):286-91

DOI: 10.23736/S0031-0808.22.04572-4

Copyright © 2022 EDIZIONI MINERVA MEDICA

language: English

Early treatment with low-molecular-weight heparin reduces mortality rate in SARS-CoV-2 patients

Andrea DE VITO ¹ ✉, Laura SADERI ², Vito FIORE ¹, Nicholas GEREMIA ¹, Elija PRINCIC ¹, Chiara FANELLI ¹, Alberto A. MUREDDA ¹, Catello PANU NAPODANO ¹, Giulia MOI ¹, Ivana MAIDA ¹, Alessandro G. FOIS ³, Giovanni SOTGIU ², Giordano MADEDDU ¹, Sergio BABUDIERI ¹

¹ Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy; ² Unit of Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy; ³ Unit of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy

BACKGROUND: Since the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, millions of people have been infected and died. Different therapeutic approaches have been recommended, but only a few have shown clinical advantages. Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) has been recommended to prevent COVID-19-related thrombo-embolic events. We aimed to evaluate the impact of early treatment with LMWH on hospital admission and death in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
METHODS: We conducted an observational monocentric retrospective study to evaluate the preventive role of LMWH on the mortality rate of COVID-19 patients. SARS-CoV-2 infected patients were recruited from the beginning of the Italian epidemic to March 31, 2021. We excluded patients with missing data and those chronically exposed to LMWH. Treatment prescription was based on international and national guidelines and modified depending on clinical presentation and drug-drug interactions.
RESULTS: Seven hundred thirty-four SARS-CoV-2 infected patients were recruited, with 357 (48.6%) males and a median (IQR) age of 77.9 (65-85.7) years. 77.5% of people developed SARS-CoV-2-related symptoms and 62.8% were admitted to the hospital, and 20.2% died. Four hundred ninety-two (67%) started LMWH. In particular, 296 (40.3%) were treated within five days since symptoms onset. At logistic regression, early LMWH therapy was associated with lower mortality. Furthermore, remdesivir treatment showed a lower risk of death. On the contrary, age, BMI>30 kg/m², neurological diseases, fever or dyspnea were associated with an increased risk of death.
CONCLUSIONS: Early treatment with LMWH was associated with lower mortality in our cohort. Further studies are needed to better assess the role of wider LMWH administration in terms of timing and regimen dose.

KEY WORDS: Heparin, low-molecular-weight; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19