ORIGINAL ARTICLE  EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOMECHANICS 

The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness 2018 December;58(12):1741-51

DOI: 10.23736/S0022-4707.17.07833-1

Copyright © 2017 EDIZIONI MINERVA MEDICA

language: English

Technical strategy of triple jump: differences of inverted pendulum model between hop-dominated and balance techniques

Nobuaki FUJIBAYASHI ¹, Mitsuo OTSUKA ² ✉, Shinsuke YOSHIOKA ³, Tadao ISAKA ²

¹ Faculty of Sport Study, Biwako Seikei Sports College, Otsu-city, Japan; ² Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu-city, Japan; ³ Department of Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Japan

BACKGROUND: The present study aims to cross-sectionally clarify the characteristics of the motions of an inverted pendulum model, a stance leg, a swing leg and arms in different triple-jumping techniques to understand whether or not hop displacement is relatively longer rather than step and jump displacements.
METHODS: Eighteen male athletes performed the triple jump with a full run-up. Based on the technique of the jumpers, they were classified as hop-dominated (N.=10) or balance (N.=8) jumpers. The kinematic data were calculated using motion capture and compared between the two techniques using the inverted pendulum model.
RESULTS: The hop-dominated jumpers had a significantly longer hop displacement and faster vertical center-of-mass (COM) velocity of their whole body at hop take-off, which was generated by faster rotation behaviors of inverted pendulum model and faster swinging behaviors of arms. Conversely, balance jumpers had a significantly longer jump displacement and faster horizontal COM velocity of their whole body at take-off, which was generated by a stiffer inverted pendulum model and stance leg.
CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate that hop-dominated and balance jumpers enhanced each dominated-jump displacement using different swing- and stance-leg motions. This information may help to enhance the actual displacement of triple jumpers using different jumping techniques.

KEY WORDS: Exercise test - Cross-sectional studies - Postural balance