Purpose: To compare the plaque-removal efficacy of ultra-soft single-headed, triple-headed, and T-shaped toothbrushes and the subjective perceptions of users.

Methods: In this randomized, single-blind, crossover study, 30 healthy adult participants were randomly divided into three groups of 10, who tested the three types of toothbrushes in differing order, with a 1-week washout period between the tests. Dental plaque scores were recorded before and after toothbrushing, and questionnaires on subjective perceptions after toothbrushing were collected.

Results: The participants included 16 female participants and 14 male participants (average age: 29.4 ± 6.7 years). All three toothbrush types were effective in reducing dental plaque by 36-46%; however, the cleaning effect of the ultra-soft single-headed toothbrush was inferior to that of the triple-headed and T-shaped toothbrushes, the difference being statistically significant. The users’ subjective perceptions suggested that the ultra-soft single-headed toothbrush was significantly superior to the other two toothbrush types. Plaque scores for the lower posterior tooth surfaces were higher than those for the upper posterior tooth surfaces, particularly on the left side, for both the ultra-soft single-headed and T-shaped toothbrushes.

Conclusion: Healthcare practitioners should identify the type of toothbrush bristles used by individuals and provide appropriate oral health information.