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Ceramic Specialization and Agricultural Marginality: Do Ethnographic Models Explain the Development of Specialized Pottery Production in the Prehistoric American Southwest?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Karen G. Harry
Karen G. Harry*
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology & Ethnic Studies, University of Nevada Las Vegas, 4505 Maryland Parkway, Box 455003, Las Vegas, NV 89154-5003 (karen.harry@ccmail.nevada.edu)
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Abstract

Ethnographic data indicate that historically, ceramic specialization is strongly correlated with agricultural and economic marginality. Where such specialization is concentrated geographically, it often is found in areas having agriculturally poor lands (Arnold 1985). Although this association is well established for modern-day and historic peasant communities, the degree to which this pattern extended into prehistory is unknown. In this paper, I evaluate the applicability of the agricultural marginality model to the prehistoric American Southwest by considering evidence from six areas where specialized pottery production is known to have occurred. The data from these areas suggest that, in the prehistoric Southwest, agricultural marginality was not the primary or sole factor leading to the adoption of part-time ceramic specializations. To understand why the ethnographic model does not apply to the prehistoric Southwest, attention must be focused on understanding the differing social and economic contexts within which prehistoric farmers and historic and modern-day peasants operated.

Résumé

Résumé

De acuerdo a datos etnográficos, la especialización en cerámicas se correlaciona históricamente en forma marcada con la marginalidad tanto agrícola como económica. En los casos en los que dicha especialización se concentra geográficamente, se presenta con frecuencia en áreas de tierras agrícolas pobres (Arnold 1985).A pesar de que esta asociación ha sido establecida claramente en comunidades campesinas tanto actuales como históricas, no sabemos en qué medida este patrón se extiende en la prehistoria. En este artículo evalúo la aplicabilidad del modelo de marginalidad agrícola en la prehistoria del Suroeste de los Estados Unidos, considerando la evidencia de seis áreas en las que sabemos de la existencia de producción cerámica especializada. Los datos de estas áreas sugieren que la marginalidad agrícola no es el factor primario o factor único que conlleva a la adopción de especialización cerámica de jornada parcial. Para comprender el por qué el modelo etnográfico no es aplicable a la prehistoria del Suroeste de los Estados Unidos, debemos enfocar nuestra atención a entender las discrepancias entre los contextos sociales y económicos en los que operaron los campesinos prehistóricos, los campesinos históricos y los del presente.

Type
Articles
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 70 , Issue 2 , April 2005 , pp. 295 - 319
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for American Archaeology 2005

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