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Prince and States General: Charles V and The Netherlands (1506–1555) (The Prothero Lecture)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 February 2009

H. G. Koenigsberger
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Extract

ON the 18th June 1902 the viceroy of India, Lord Curzon, wrote to his government in London:

The fact is that your Political Committee and the Foreign Office have gone completely off the rails … Now, why could not the India Office trust me …? You send me out to India as an expert and you treat my advice as though it were that of an impertinent schoolboy.

Type
Research Article
Information
Transactions of the Royal Historical Society , Volume 4 , December 1994 , pp. 127 - 151
Copyright
Copyright © Royal Historical Society 1994

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References

1 Lord Curzon to SirGodley, A.. Quoted in the earl of Ronaldshay, , The Life of Lord Curzon, II (1928), 239Google Scholar.

2 Curzon to Lady Curzon, 19 June 1902. Ibid., 238.

3 Curzon to Godley, 24 June 1902. Ibid., 238. I wish to thank Prof. P.J. Marshall for finding the quotations from Lord Curzon for me.

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11 Glay, A. Le, Correspondence de I'empereur Maximilien ler et de Marguerite d'Autriche, 2 vols. (Paris, 1839)Google Scholar,passim. Kreiten, H., ‘Der Briefwechsel Kaiser Maximilians I mit seiner Tochter Margareta,’ Archiv für österreichische Geschichte, XCVI, pt. 2, (1907)Google Scholar. Critique and extensive corrections of Kreiten's publication by Walther, A. in Göttingische gelehrte Anzeigen, CLXX (1908)Google Scholar.

12 Le Glay, , Correspondence, I, 122Google Scholar.

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17 Henne, , Histoire … de Charles Quint, I, 287–94Google Scholar. Régistre … de Béthune, B.B.5, fos. 26r–18A.

18 Walther, , ‘Hubert Kreiten, Briefwechsel,’ cit., 266Google Scholar

19 Régistre de Béthune, B.B.5., fos. 261–311.

20 Henne, , Histoire … de Charles Quint, II, 10Google Scholar. See also Tracy, , Holland under Habsburg Rule, 74–211Google Scholar.

21 Diegrick, I. L. A., Correspondence des Magistrats d'ypres…perdant les troubles de Flandre sous Maximilion, (Bruges, 1853), 4 and Annexe 7Google Scholar,

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23 Ibid., 50.

24 Quoted in Henne, , Histoire … de Charles Quint, II, 157Google Scholar, and in Tracy, J.D., The Politics of Erasmus, (Toronto, 1978), 92Google Scholar.

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28 Koenigsberger, H. G., Estates and Revolutions, (Ithaca, 1971), 185–87Google Scholar. Alvarez, M. Fernandez, Charles V, (1975), 26Google Scholar.

29 Charles to Margaret, 9 April 1519. L. Ph. den Bergh, C. van, Gedenkstukken tot OpheUUring der Nederlandsche Geschiendenis, III, (Utrecht, 1849), 219Google Scholar.

30 Henne, , Histoire de … Charles Quint, II, 248–50Google Scholar.

31 Goes, Aert van der, Register van alle de Dachvaerden by desehe Stolen [i.e. the estates of Holland] gehouden … 1524–1543, I, (Amsterdam, 1772), 350Google Scholar. Wils, L., ‘De Werking van de Staten van Brabant omstreks 1550–1650,’ Anciens Pays et Assemblies d'États, V, (1953), nff.Google Scholar

32 Jacobszoon, A., Protocolle van alle de Reysen … gedaen ledert ick de Stede Aemsielredamme gedient heb gehadt … Amsterdam, Gemeente Archief, MS., 31 05 1524Google Scholar.

33 Ibid, fo. 107.

34 Tracy, , Holland under Habsburg Rule, 53–54Google Scholar.

35 Instructions to the Secretary Jehan de la Sauch, 11 June 1522, quoted in Henne, , Histoire … de Charles Quint, III, 266–67Google Scholar.

36 ‘Instructions à …le Seigneur de Praet … devers Madame,’ Valladolid, 6 March 1527. Recueil concemant le gouuemement de Marguerite d'Autriche 1515–1530, Brussels, Bibliotèque Royale, MSS 16068–72, fos. 189v–190r.

37 ‘Instructions … de par madame … donné à Messire de Rosimboz … en ce present voiage d'Espagne …’ Ibid. fos. 24r–27r.

38 ’Articles proposez à l'Empereur … de par Madame,’ Ibid., fos. 140r–141r.

39 ‘Extrait de la minute des apostilles sur la declaration des affaires de flandre apportée par Mre. Guillaume des Barres,’ Brussels, Bibliotèque Royale, MS II 358, I, file Correspondence de l'Empereur avec Madame Marguerite de l'an 1526 fo. 385.

40 ’Articles proposez a l'Empereur … de par Madame,’ July 1530.Ibid., MSS 16068–72, fo. 136. Partly printed in Griffiths, G., Representative Government in Western Europe in the Sixteenth Century, (Oxford, 1968), 354Google Scholar. See also Koenigsberger, H. G., ‘Why did the States General of the Netherlands become revolutionary in the sixteenth Century?’ in Politicians and Virtuosi, (1968), 64Google Scholar and n.3.

41 Walser, F., Die spanischen Zentralbehörden und der Staatsrat Karls V, ed. and completed by Wohlfeil, R., (Görtingen, 1959)Google Scholar, pt. 4.

42 Baelde, M., ‘De Collateral Raden onder Karel V en Filips II (1531–1578),’ Verhandelingen van de Koninglijke Vlaamse Acaderrm voor Wetenschappen, Letteren en Schone Kunsten van België, Klasse der Letteren, XXVIII No. 60, (Brussels, 1965)Google Scholar, chapt. 3. Idem., ‘Monarchic in Opbouw: de eerste Instructie voor de Raad van State (1531),’ Miscellanea Roger Petit, (Brussels, 1990), 314Google Scholar and 327.

43 Baelde, M., ‘De Collateral Raden,’ 58Google Scholar.

44 Charles V to Ferdinand, Brussels, 29 July 1531. Wolfram, H. and Thomas, C., Die Konespondenz Ferdinands I, III, Die Familienkorrespondenz 1531 und 1532, (Vienna, 1989), 228–29.Google Scholar

45 Charles to Mary, Toledo, 22 Dec. 1538. Brussels, Archives Générates du Royaume, Papiers d'État et de l'Audience, vol. 50, fos. 124.V–125V.

46 Ibid., vol. 1228, fo. 15V.

47 Ibid., fos. 15–46. Essen, L. van der, ‘Les États Généraux de 1534–1535 et le projet de confédération défensive des provinces des Pays-Bas,’ Mélanges d'Histoire offerts à Ch. Moeller, II (Louvain—Paris, 1914), 122–39Google Scholar.

48 Mary to Charles, Brussels, 4 Jan. 1536, Brussels, Archives Générates du Royaume, Papiers d'Éctat, vol. 49, fos. 1–7.

49 Mary to Charles, Brussels, 27 May 1536. Ibid. fo. 58.

50 Gachard, L. P. published an extensive but not complete collection of documents: Relation des Troubles de Gand sous Charles-Quint…, (Brussels, 1846)Google Scholar. The most recent work on the subject is the composite volume Keizer tussen stropdragers: Karel V 1500–1558, eds. Decavele, J. et al. , (Louvain, 1990)Google Scholar. I wish to thank Dr Alastair Duke for drawing my attention to this book.

51 Apostille by Charles V to a memorandum from Margaret, presented by the Seigneur de Praet, Toledo, 9 July 1525. Brussels, Biblioteque Royale, MSS 16068–72, fo. 158. The emperor's remark was later quoted by Nicolas Perrenot to Margaret, Toledo, 27 Oct. 1525. Glay, Le, ed., Negotiations Diplomatique entre la France et I'Autriche, II (Paris, 1845), 629Google Scholar. I wish to thank Dr J. M. Rodriguez-Salgado for drawing my attention to this letter.

52 At least, I assume he did, since he certainly did so when the matter was mooted in October 1540. Archives Générates du Royaume, Papiers d'État, vol. 52, fos. 252r–53r.

53 Philip (II) to Charles V, Valladolid, 13 Jan. 1544. Alvarez, M. Fernández, ed., Corpus Documental de Carlos V, II (Salamanca, 1975), 306–9. F. Chabod, ‘Milan o las Paises Bajos? Las Discusiones en Espafla sobre la ”alternativa” de 1544,’ Carlos V (1500–1558).Google ScholarHomenaje de la Universidad de Granada, (Granada, 1958), 367–70Google Scholar.

54 As far as I know, there has been no specific study of the Netherlands side of the ‘alternativa’.

55 This last is the judgment of the most recent and most knowledgeable historian of Alba’s governor-generaliship of the Netherlands. See Parker, G., ‘Philip II, Paul Kennedy and the Revolt of the Netherlands 1572–76: a Case of Strategic Overstretch?’ Clashes of Cultures: Essays in Honour of Nēls Steensgaard, eds. Johansen, J. C. V. et al. , (Odense, 1992), 5O–79Google Scholar.

56 Cf. Baelde, M., ‘Fianciële politiek en doraaniale evolutie in de Nederlanden onder Karel V en Filips II (1530–1560),’ Tijdschrift voor Geschiedenis, LXXVI (1963), 14–33Google Scholar. Maddens, N., ‘De Invoering van de “Nieuwe Middelen” in het Graafichap Vlaanderen tijdens de regering van Keizer Karel V,’ Revue Belge de Philologie et d'Histoire, LVII (1979), 342–63 and 861–91CrossRefGoogle Scholar. Tracy, J. D., ‘The Taxation System of the County of Holland during the Reigns of Charles V and Philip II, 1519–1566,’ Economisch- en Sociaal-Historisch Jaarboek, 48 (1985), 72–117Google Scholar; Idem., A Financial Revolution in the Habsburg Netherlands: Renten and Renleniers in the County of Holland, 1515–1565, (Berkeley, 1985), passim.

57 Lutz, H., Christianitas Afflicta. Europa, das Reich und die pdpstliche Politik im Medergang der Hegemonie Kaiser Kaqrls V (1552–1556), (Göttingen, 1964)Google Scholar. Rodnguez-Salgado, M.J., The Changing Face of Empire: Charles Philip II and Habsburg Authority, 1551–1553, (Cambridge, 1988)Google Scholar.