Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-gtxcr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-24T18:03:21.271Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Liberal Theory and the Idea of Communist Justice

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 August 2014

Arthur Diquattro
Arthur Diquattro*
Affiliation:
William O. Douglas Institute
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

My aim is to bring Marx's general theory of exploitation into line with contemporary theories of distributive justice advanced by liberal egalitarians, theories that stress the ideal of equal concern and respect for persons qua persons and require implementation of the ideal consistent with what historical circumstances permit. I begin by dismissing the labor theory of value as relevant to Marx's general theory, emphasizing instead a “property rights matching power” account. I conclude with some speculative comments about Kantian influences in Marx's sense of justice. Throughout, I assume that Marx believes that exploitation is unjust, and I pursue and sharpen this view in my analysis of Marx's criticism of the distributive principle of socialism.

Type
Articles
Information
American Political Science Review , Volume 92 , Issue 1 , March 1998 , pp. 83 - 96
Copyright
Copyright © American Political Science Association 1998

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Allen, Derek. 1973. “The Utilitarianism of Marx and Engels.” American Philosophical Quarterly 10(07):189–99.Google Scholar
Arneson, Richard. 1987. ”Meaningful Work and Market Socialism.” Ethics 97(04):517–45.Google Scholar
Arneson, Richard. 1990. “Liberalism, Distributive Subjectivism, and Equal Opportunity for Welfare.” Philosophy and Public Affairs 19(Spring):159–94.Google Scholar
Avineri, Shlomo. 1968. The Social and Political Thought of Karl Marx. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Barry, Brian. 1996. “Real Freedom and Basic Income.” Journal of Political Philosophy 4(09):242–76.Google Scholar
Birdsall, William. 1965. “A Study of the Demand for Public Goods.” In Essays in Fiscal Federalism, ed. Musgrave, Richard A.. Washington, DC: Brookings.Google Scholar
Brandt, Richard. 1979. A Theory of the Good and the Right. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Brenkert, George. 1979. Marx's Ethic of Freedom. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Braybrooke, David. 1987. Meeting Needs. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Brittain, John. 1978. Inheritance and the Inequality of National Wealth. Washington, DC: Brookings.Google Scholar
Buchanan, Allen. 1982. Marx and Justice: The Radical Critique of Liberalism. Totowa, NJ: Rowman and Allenheld.Google Scholar
Christman, John. 1994. The Myth of Property. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Cohen, G. A. 1974. “Marx's Dialectic of Labor.” Philosophy and Public Affairs 3(Spring):235–61.Google Scholar
Cohen, G. A. 1978. Karl Marx's Theory of History: A Defense. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Cohen, G. A. 1980. “The Labor Theory of Value and the Concept of Exploitation.” In Marx, Justice, and History, ed. Cohen, M., Nagel, T., and Scanlon, T.. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Cohen, G. A. 1989. “On the Currency of Egalitarian Justice.” Ethics 99(07):906–44.Google Scholar
Cohen, G. A. 1991. “Robert Nozick and Will Chamberlain: How Patterns Preserve Liberty.” In Justice and Economic Distribution, ed. Arthur, John and Shaw, William. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar
Cummiskey, David. 1990. “Kantian Consequentialism.” Ethics 100(04):586–615.Google Scholar
Diamond, Jared. 1994. “Zebras and the Anna Karenina Principle.” Natural History 103(09):4–10.Google Scholar
Diamond, Jared. 1997. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fate of Human Societies. New York: Norton.Google Scholar
DiQuattro, Arthur. 1978. “Alienation and Justice in the Market.” American Political Science Review 72(09):871–87.Google Scholar
Dworkin, Ronald. 1981a. “What Is Equality? Part 1: Equality of Welfare.” Philosophy and Public Affairs 10(Summer):185–246.Google Scholar
Dworkin, Ronald. 1981b. “What Is Equality? Part 2: Equality of Resources.” Philosophy and Public Affairs 10(Fall):283–345.Google Scholar
Elster, Jon. 1985. Making Sense of Marx. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Engels, Friedrich. [1878] 1947. Anti-Duhring. Moscow: Foreign Languages Publishing House.Google Scholar
Freeman, Samuel. 1994. “Utilitarianism, Deontology, and the Priority of Right.” Philosophy and Public Affairs 23(Fall):313–49.Google Scholar
Friedman, Milton. 1962. Capitalism and Freedom. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Galston, William. 1991. Liberal Purposes: Goods, Virtues, and Diversity in the Liberal State. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Goldstick, D. 1994. “Objective Interests.” In Critical Perspectives on Democracy, ed. Legters, Lyman, Burke, John, and DiQuattro, Arthur. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.Google Scholar
Hayek, Friedrich. 1976. The Mirage of Social Justice. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Henretta, James. 1991. The Origins of American Capitalism. Boston: Northeastern University Press.Google Scholar
Hodgson, Geoff. 1981. Capitalism, Value, and Exploitation. London: Martin Robertson.Google Scholar
Hume, David. [1777] 1968. An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals. In Hume's Moral and Political Philosophy, ed. Aiken, Henry. New York: Hafner.Google Scholar
Ignatieff, Michael. 1985. The Needs of Strangers. New York: Viking.Google Scholar
Jencks, Chistopher. 1979. Who Gets Ahead? New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Kain, Philip. 1988. Marx and Ethics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Korsgaard, Christine. 1986. “The Right to Lie: Kant on Dealing with Evil.” Philosophy and Public Affairs 15(Fall):325–49.Google Scholar
Knight, Frank. 1935. The Ethics of Competition and Other Essays. New York: Harper.Google Scholar
Krouse, Richard, and McPherson, Michael. 1988. “Capitalism, ‘Property-Owning Democracy,’ and the Welfare State.” In Democracy and the Welfare State, ed. Gutmann, Amy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University.Google Scholar
Kulikoff, Allan. 1992. The Agrarian Origins of American Capitalism. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia.Google Scholar
Kymlicka, Will. 1989. Liberalism, Community, and Culture. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Lange, Oskar. [1935] 1968. “Marxist Economics and Modern Economic Theory.” In Marx and Modern Economics, ed. Horowitz, David. New York: Monthly Review Press.Google Scholar
Lukes, Steven. 1985. Marxism and Morality. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Lukes, Steven. 1967. “Alienation and Anomie.” In Philosophy, Politics, and Society, 3d series, ed. Laslett, Peter and Runciman, W. G.. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.Google Scholar
MacIntyre, Alasdair. 1981. After Virtue. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press.Google Scholar
Macpherson, C. B. 1962. The Political Theory of Possessive Individualism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Mandel, Ernest. 1968. Marxist Economic Theory, vol. 2. New York: Monthly Review Press.Google Scholar
Markovich, Denise, and Pynn, Ronald. 1988. American Political Economy. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.Google Scholar
Mansbridge, Jane. 1983. Beyond Adversary Democracy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Marcuse, Herbert. 1964. One Dimensional Man. Boston: Beacon Press.Google Scholar
Marglin, Stephen. 1976. “What Do Bosses Do? The Origins and Functions of Hierarchy in Capitalist Production.” In The Division of Labor, ed. Gorz, A.. London: Longman.Google Scholar
Marx, Karl. [1875] 1955. Critique of the Gotha Programme. In Marx, Karl and Engels, Friedrich, Selected Works, vol. 2. Moscow: Foreign Languages Publishing House.Google Scholar
Marx, Karl. [1848] 1962. The Communist Manifesto. In Marx, Karl and Engels, Friedrich, Selected Works, vol. 1. Moscow: Foreign Languages Publishing House.Google Scholar
Marx, Karl. [1844] 1964. “Contribution to the Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right ”. In Karl Marx: Early Writings, ed. Bottomore, T. B.. New York: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Marx, Karl. [1867] 1965. Capital, vol. 1. Moscow: Progress Publishers.Google Scholar
Marx, Karl. [1859] 1970. A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy. Moscow: Progress Publishers.Google Scholar
Marx, Karl, and Engels, Friedrich. [1875] 1962. Werke, vol. 19. Berlin: Dietz Verlag.Google Scholar
Marx, Karl, and Engels, Friedrich. [1846] 1964. The German Ideology. Moscow: Progress Publishers.Google Scholar
Meek, Ronald. 1977. Smith, Marx, and After. London: Chapman Hall.Google Scholar
Miller, David. 1976. Social Justice. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Miller, David. 1996. “Two Cheers for Meritocracy.” Journal of Political Philosophy 4(09):277–301.Google Scholar
Moore, Stanley. 1980. Marx on the Choice between Socialism and Communism. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Morishima, Michio, and Catephores, George. 1978. Value, Exploitation, and Growth. London: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Nozick, Robert. 1974. Anarchy, State, and Utopia. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Peffer, R. G. 1990. Marxism, Morality, and Social Justice. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Railton, Peter. 1986. “Moral Realism.” Philosophical Review 95(10):171–84.Google Scholar
Rawls, John. 1971. A Theory of Justice. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Rawls, John. 1980. “Kantian Constructivism in Moral Theory.” Journal of Philosophy 77(09):515–72.Google Scholar
Rawls, John. 1993. Political Liberalism. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Reiman, Jeffrey. 1987. “Exploitation, Force, and the Moral Assessment of Capitalism.” Philosophy and Public Affairs 16(Winter):3–41.Google Scholar
Roemer, John. 1982. A General Theory of Exploitation and Class. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roemer, John. 1988. Free to Lose: An Introduction to Marxist Economic Philosophy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Roemer, John. 1993. “A Pragmatic Theory of Responsibility for the Egalitarian Planner.” Philosophy and Public Affairs 22(Spring): 146–66.Google Scholar
Roemer, John. 1994a. “What Is Exploitation? A Reply to Jeffrey Reiman.” In Egalitarian Perspectives: Essays in Philosophical Economics, ed. Roemer, John. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Roemer, John. 1994b. A Future for Socialism. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Ryan, Alan. 1987. “Justice, Exploitation, and the End of Morality.” In Moral Philosophy and Contemporary Problems, ed. Evans, J. G. D.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Sandel, Michael. 1982. Liberalism and the Limits of Justice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Schmitt, Richard. 1987. Introduction to Marx and Engels. Boulder, CO: Westview.Google Scholar
Schwartz, Joseph. 1995. The Permanence of the Political. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Smith, Adam. [1776] 1982. The Wealth of Nations. New York: Penguin.Google Scholar
Steedman, Ian. 1977. Marx after Sraffa. London: New Left Books.Google Scholar
Sweezy, Paul. 1942. The Theory of Capitalist Development. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Taylor, Charles. 1979. Hegel and Modern Society. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Van Der Linden, Harry. 1988. Kantian Ethics and Socialism. Indianapolis: Hackett.Google Scholar
Van Parijs, Philippe. 1995. Real Freedom for All. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Weeks, John. 1981. Capital and Exploitation. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Wood, Allen. 1981. Karl Marx. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Wood, Allen. 1990. Hegel's Ethical Thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Wright, Erik Olin. 1997. Class Counts: Comparative Studies in Class Analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Yack, Bernard. 1986. The Yearning for Total Revolution: Philosophical Sources of Social Discontent from Rousseau to Marx and Nietzsche. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Yovel, Yirmiahu. 1980. Kant and the Problem of History. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar