Stomatoloski glasnik Srbije 2023 Volume 70, Issue 4, Pages: 189-195
https://doi.org/10.2298/SGS2304189K
Full text (
461 KB)
The influence of lead on gingiva and periodontal tissue
Kuzmanović-Radman Irena (University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Dental Diseases, Banja Luka, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina), irena.kuzmanovic.radman78@med.unibl.org
Arbutina Adriana 
(University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Jaw Orthopedics, Banja Luka, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Josipović Renata (University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Dental Diseases, Banja Luka, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Marin Saša (University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oral Surgery, Banja Luka, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Umićević-Davidović Mirjana (University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Jaw Orthopedics, Banja Luka, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Arbutina Radmila (University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Dental Diseases, Banja Luka, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Trtić Nataša (University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, Banja Luka, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Protić-Berić Verica (ZU „Prizma Dent“, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Đeri Aleksandra (University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Dental Diseases, Banja Luka, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Introduction. Exposure to lead (Pb) can have harmful effects on the general
state of the body, including oral health. The aim of this study was to
examine the prevalence of changes in gingiva and periodontal tissue in adult
rats intoxicated with lead acetate by histological analysis. Material and
methods. The study was conducted on 42 Wistar rats. Intoxication of rats
with lead acetate was carried out through drinking water ad libitum. The
first group (A1) consisted of 16 rats that received lead-acetate in water at
a concentration (1500 ppm) for 14 days, and the second group (A2) consisted
of 16 rats that received lead-acetate in water at the same concentration for
30 days. Results. Gingivitis and periodontitis in the first group of rats
(A1) were observed in 41.7% of cases, and in the second group (A2) in 84% of
cases. A statistically significant difference was found between the
investigated groups (χ2 = 6.955; p < 0.018). Conclusion. Since changes in
the gingiva and periodontium have been observed in rats intoxicated with
lead for a long period of time, it is necessary to propose a preventive
program for patients exposed to lead, which includes dental procedures such
as oral hygiene training and regular visits to the dentist.
Keywords: lead-acetate, gingivitis, periodontitis, rats
Show references
Tinkov AA, Filippini T, Ajsuvakova OP, Skalnaya MG, Aaseth J, Bjørklund G, et al. Cadmium and atherosclerosis: a review of toxicological mechanisms and a meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies. Environ Res. 2018;162:240-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.01.008] [PMID: 29358116]
Mehrotra N, Singh S. Periodontitis. In: StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island (FL); 2022. [DOI: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK541126/]
Kamberi B, Koçani F, Dragusha E. Teeth as Indicators of Environmental Pollution with Lead. J Environment Analytic Toxicol. 2012;2:1-5. [DOI: 10.4172/2161-0525.1000118]
Yetkin-Ay Z, Cadir B, Uskun E, Bozkurt FY, Delibas N, Gultepe FM, et al. The periodontal status of indirectly lead-exposed apprentices working in autorepair workshops. Toxicol Ind Health. 2007;23(10):599-606. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233708090906] [PMID: 18717518]
Chakraborty S, Tewari S, Sharma RK, Narula SC, Ghalaut PS, Ghalaut V. Impact of iron deficiency anemia on chronic periodontitis and superoxide dismutase activity: a cross-sectional study. J Periodontal Implant Sci. 2014;44(2):57-64. [DOI: 10.5051/jpis.2014.44.2.57] [PMID: 24778899]
Khalid M, Abdollahi M. Role of lead in dental diseases. J Environ Sci Health C Toxicol Carcinog. 2020;38(4):329-61. [DOI: 10.1080/26896583.2020.1834313] [PMID: 33382012]
Youravong N, Teanpaisan R. The periodontal health of leadexposed children living in a shipyard industrial area. Toxicol Ind Health. 2015;31(5):459-66. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233712472529] [PMID: 23406954]
Watson GE, Davis BA, Raubertas RF, Pearson SK, Bowen WH. Influence of maternal lead ingestion on caries in rat pups. Nat Med. 1997;3(9):1024-5. [DOI: 10.1038/nm0997-1024] [PMID: 9288731]
Lee DH, Lim JS, Song K, Boo JDR Jr. Graded associations of blood lead and urinary cadmium concentrations with oxidative-stressrelated markers in the US population: results from the third National Health and nutrition examination survey. Environ Health Perspective. 2006;114(3):350-4. [DOI: 10.1289/ehp.8518] [PMID: 16507456]
Khalid M, Abdollahi M. Epigenetic modifications associated with pathophysiological effects of lead exposure. J Environ Sci Health Part C: Environ Carcinog Ecotoxicol Rev. 2019;37(4):235-87. [DOI: 10.1080/10590501.2019.1640581] [PMID: 31402779]
Tarakji B, Umair A, Prasad D, Alsakran Altamimi M. Diagnosis of oral pigmentations and malignant transformations. Singapore Dent J. 2014;35C(1):39-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sdj.2014.03.001] [PMID: 25496584]
Shishniashvili TE, Suladze NN, Margvelashvili VV. Primary teeth and hair as indicators of environmental pollution. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2016;40(2):152-5. [DOI: 10.17796/1053-4628-40.2.152] [PMID: 26950818]
American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Environmental Health. Lead exposure in children: prevention, detection, and management. Pediatrics. 2005;116(4):1036-46. [DOI: 10.1542/peds.2005-1947] [PMID: 16199720]
El-Said KF, El-Ghamry AM, Mahdy NH, El-Bestaw NA. Chronic occupational exposure to lead and its impact on oral health. J Egypt Public Health Assoc. 2008;83(5-6):451-66. [PMID: 19493512]
Verma S, Santhosh AP, Shukla S, Gupta P, Mandavdhare HS, Dutta U, et al. Gastrointestinal: An oral clue to an unusual cause of abdominal pain: Burton’s line. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019;34(4):629. [DOI: 10.1111/jgh.14519] [PMID: 30450668]
Cleymaet R, Collys K, Retief DH, Michotte Y, Slop D, Taghon E, et al. Relationship between lead in surface tooth enamel, blood, and saliva from children residing in the vicinity of a non-ferrous metal plant in Belgium. Br J Ind Med. 1991;48(10):702-9. [DOI: 10.1136/oem.48.10.702] [PMID: 1931730]
Kuzmanović Radman I, Arbutina A, Josipović R, Marin S, Umićević-Davidović M, Arbutina R, et al. Examination of the presence of periodontitis and gingivitis in rats with induced diabetes mellitus. Dental Gazette of Serbia. 2023;70(3):131-7. [DOI: 10.2298/SGS2303131K]
Kuzmanović Radman I, Đeri A, Gajanin R, Arbutina A, Josipović R, Živković S. Expression of a fibronectin in the dental pulp of lead intoxicated rats with experimentally induced diabetes mellitus. Srp Arh Celok Lek. 2021;149(3-4):136-41. [DOI: 10.2298/SARH191022102K]
Metryka E, Chibowska K, Gutowska I, Falkowska A, Kupnicka P, Barczak K, et al. Lead (Pb) exposure enhances the expression of factors associated with inflammation. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19(6):1813. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061813] [PMID: 29925772]
Gemmel A, Tavares M, Alperin S, Soncini J, Daniel D, Dunn J, et al. Blood lead level and dental caries in school-age children. Environ Health Perspect. 2002;110(10):A625-30. [DOI: 10.1289/ehp.021100625] [PMID: 12361944]
Vandal V, Noorani H, Shivaprakash P, Walikar B. Salivary lead concentration in dental caries among normal and children with cerebral palsy. J Indian Soc Pedodontics Preventive Dent. 2018;36(4):381-5. [DOI: 10.4103/JISPPD.JISPPD_200_16] [PMID: 30324929]
Cenić-Milošević D, Mileusnić I, Kolak V, Pejanović D, Ristić T, Jakovljević A, et al. Environmental lead pollution and its possible influence on tooth loss and hard dental tissue lesions. Vojnosanit Pregl. 2013;70(8):751-6. [DOI: 10.2298/vsp1308751c] [PMID: 24069824]
Borany T, Youn-Hee C, Eun-Kyong K, Yun-Sook J, Mina H, Keun-Bae S, et al. Lead exposure may affect gingival health in children. BMC Oral Health. 2018;18(1):79. [DOI: 10.1186/s12903-018-0547-x] [PMID: 29728081]
Dommisch H, Kuzmanova D, Jönsson D, Grant M, Chapple I. Effect of micronutrient malnutrition on periodontal disease and periodontal therapy. Periodontol 2000. 2018;78(1):129-53. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12233] [PMID: 30198127]
Alomary A, Al-Momani IF, Obeidat SM, Massadeh AM. Levels of lead, cadmium, copper, iron, and zinc in deciduous teeth of children living in Irbid, Jordan by ICP-OES: some factors affecting their concentrations. Environ Monit Assess. 2013;185(4):3283-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s10661-012-2790-y] [PMID: 22851195]
Browar AW, Koufos EB, Wei Y, Leavitt LL, Prozialeck WC, Edwards JR. Cadmium exposure disrupts periodontal bone in experimental animals: implications for periodontal disease in humans. Toxics. 2018;6(2):32. [DOI: 10.3390/ toxics6020032] [PMID: 29899258]
Craan A, Nadon G, P’an AYS. Lead flux through kidney and salivary glands of rats. Am J Phys. 1984;247(5 Pt 2):F773-83. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.1984.247.5.F773] [PMID: 6496745]
Ericson B, Hu H, Nash E, Ferraro G, Sinitsky J, Taylor MP. Blood lead levels in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review. Lancet Planet Health. 2021;5(3):e145-53. [DOI: 10.1016/S2542-5196(20)30278-3] [PMID: 33713615]
Levy SM. An update on fluorides and fluorosis. J Can Dent Assoc. 2003;69(5):286-91. [PMID: 12734021]
Petersen PE, Lennon MA. Effective use of fluorides for the prevention of dental caries in the 21st century: the WHO approach. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2004;32(5):319-21. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2004.00175.x] [PMID: 15341615]