Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 2014 Volume 79, Issue 10, Pages: 1205-1212
https://doi.org/10.2298/JSC131011026L
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Improved synthesis of gastrodin, a bioactive component of a traditional Chinese medicine
Li Yu-Wen (Qingdao Agricultural University, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Qingdao, China)
Ma Cui-Li (Qingdao Agricultural University, Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao, China)
Highly practical synthesis of gastrodin has been developed using
penta-O-acetyl-b-D-glucopyranose and p-cresol as glycosyl donor and glycosyl
acceptor, respectively, in four steps with 58.1% overall yield. At the
initial step, the penta-O-acetyl-b-D-glucopyranose was treated with p-cresol
in the presence of BF3.Et2O as catalyst to generate 4-methylphenyl
2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-b-D-glucopyranoside in 76.3% yield. Furthermore, this
product was subjected to radical bromination with NBS to provide
4-(bromomethyl) phenyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-b-D-glucopyranoside in 91%
yield. Subsequently, reaction of 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-b-D-glucopyranoside
with a solution of acetone and saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate led to
4-(hydroxylmethyl) phenyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-b-D-glucopyranoside in 93%
yield. Finally, global deprotection of 4-(hydroxylmethyl) phenyl
2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-b-D-glucopyranoside under Zemplen conditions
furnished gastrodin in 90% yield. Compared to the previously reported
methods, this protocol has advantages of operational simplicity,
chromatography-free separation, high overall yield, inexpensive and common
reagents as well as less waste pollutants, rendering it an alternative
suitable for industrial production.
Keywords: gastrodin, glycosylation, penta-O-acetyl-b-D-glucopyranose, radical bromination