MEMÓRIA ESPACIAL: Quais são suas características e como estudá-la em modelo animal

Anne Caroline Rodrigues Silva; Evelyn Cristina Conceição Gomes; Isabela Cristina Sena Romano; Victor Gabriel dos Santos Silva; Andrick Alexandre de Oliveira; Izabelly dos Santos Costa; Ana Gabriela Alvarez Luque; Rogério de Freitas Lacerda

doi:10.22289/2446-922X.V10N1A23

Autores

Anne Caroline Rodrigues Silva Universidade Federal do Acre - UFAC https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0648-921X
Evelyn Cristina Conceição Gomes Universidade Federal do Acre - UFAC https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7666-6366
Isabela Cristina Sena Romano Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6085-652X
Victor Gabriel dos Santos Silva Universidade Federal do Acre - UFAC https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9584-216X
Andrick Alexandre de Oliveira Universidade Federal do Acre - UFAC https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7147-7010
Izabelly dos Santos Costa Universidade Federal do Acre - UFAC https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4163-0111
Ana Gabriela Alvarez Luque Universidade Federal do Acre - UFAC https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2583-1683
Rogério de Freitas Lacerda Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Natureza – CCBN, Universidade Federal do Acre – UFAC, Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1249-7988

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22289/2446-922X.V10N1A23

Palavras-chave:

Labirinto, Roedores, Memória

Resumo

O termo memória descrito desde a época de Platão, e durante todos esses anos sofreu modificações e aperfeiçoamentos. Hoje o termo é baseado nas informações processadas e armazenadas, dividido principalmente em memórias de curto prazo (STM; short term memory) e memórias de longo prazo (LTM; long term memory). As STM associadas às estruturas cerebrais como o córtex pré-frontal e definidas como memórias de trabalho ou operacionais. Enquanto as LTM, processadas principalmente pelo hipocampo e classificadas como memórias declarativas (ou explícitas) e memórias não-declarativas (ou implícitas). Eventos passados e experiências retidas são exemplos de memórias declarativas. Já habilidades motoras são exemplos de memórias não-declarativas. Como uma maneira de estudar tanto o aprendizado como as memórias armazenadas foram criados inúmeros testes. A maioria dos testes usados fazem uso de labirintos. Dentre os principais utilizados temos aquáticos e não aquáticos. Os labirintos abertos com múltiplas rotas, como o Labirinto de Barnes – LB; Labirinto Aquático de Morris – LAM são exemplos de aquáticos. Possuem como vantagem o fato de não deixar pistas entre um teste e outro, mas trabalham com estímulos aversivos aos animais, podendo gerar algum estresse. Já os não aquáticos temos o Teste de reconhecimento de objetos, o labirinto em “Y” e o labirinto Lashley III. Estes podem dependendo da higienização entre cada teste condicionar interferentes nos dados coletados em sequência. Contudo possuem a vantagem de utilizar situações e características inerentes do animal. Cada um possui suas vantagens e desvantagens na aplicabilidade e obtenção de dados para a pesquisa científica.

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