Vol. 8, Special Issue 5 (2023)

Author(s): Catherine Amerit, James Ombiro Ondiek and Mary Kivali Ambula

Abstract: Although ruminants have a greater capacity to utilize various feed sources with lesser risks, the impact of non-conventional feed on rumen function should be understood. This study investigated the effects of Shea nut meal (SNM) different inclusion levels on rumen parameters of sheep fed 70% Rhodes grass hay and 30% maize bran basal diets. Five diets (D) containing SNM at different levels of D1=0% SNM, D2=5% SNM, D3=10% SNM, D4=15% SNM and D5=20% SNM were fed to fifteen ewes clustered into three, in a completely randomized design (CRD). Rumen samples were collected in the 10th week of the feeding trial at hour 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 post feeding and analyzed for pH, NH3-N, volatile fatty acids & protozoa count. SNM increased mean pH, and was in a range of (6.58-6.8) in SNM diets compared D1 (6.2). Mean NH3-N (mg/100ml) in SNM groups decreased with SNM increasing inclusion. Propionate (mmol/L) production was favored for SNM diets; 5% (1.379), 10% (1.375), 15% (1.377), 20% (1.365) compared to D1 (1.682) but total volatile fatty acids (mmol/L) (p<0.05) reduced with SNM increased inclusion. Mean protozoa counts were similarly reduced with SNM increased inclusion; 5% (7.40), 10% (6.80), 15% (6.40), 20% (5.07) compared to D1 (8.53). It was concluded that SNM had no adverse effects on the rumen parameters but rather enhanced the rumen function through improved propionate production and exertion of ant protozoan properties, making it a safe supplement and/or additive source of essential oils and perhaps tannins when needed in formulation of ruminant feeds.

DOI: 10.22271/veterinary.2023.v8.i5g.780