نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 فارغ التحصیل کارشناسی ارشد علوم و صنایع غذایی دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان

2 عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان - گروه صنایع غذایی دانشکده کشاورزی

3 دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان دانشکده کشاورزی گروه علوم و صنایع غذایی

چکیده

در این پژوهش اثر دمای خشک‌کن، تیمار حرارتی و غلظت محلول صمغ ورودی به خشک‌کن بر خواص امولسیفایری صمغ فارسی بررسی شد. به این منظور، محلول‌هایی با غلظت‌های 3، 3.5، 4 و 5 درصد از صمغ فارسی تهیه شد. این محلول‌ها به مدت 1 دقیقه تحت تأثیر تیمارهای حرارتی 65، 75 و 85 درجه سلسیوس قرار داده شدند. محلول‌ها سپس با استفاده از خشک‌کن پاششی در دماهای 120، 150، 165 و 180 درجه سلسیوس خشک شدند. با استفاده از نمونه‌های تولیدی، امولسیون‌هایی حاوی 20 درصد روغن آفتابگردان و 0.5، 1، 1.5، 2 و 3 درصد صمغ فارسی تولید شد.  بررسی‌ها نشان داد با کاهش دمای خشک‌کن، قابلیت امولسیون‌کنندگی و پایداری امولسیون صمغ فارسی بهبود می‌یابد؛ اما تیمار حرارتی و غلظت صمغ ورودی به خشک‌کن تأثیر معنی‌داری (p <0.05) بر قابلیت امولسیون‌کنندگی و پایداری امولسیون صمغ فارسی ندارند. امولسیون‌ها با غلظت 1 درصد صمغ فارسی بعد از یک هفته کاملاً پایدار بودند و جدا شدن چربی در آنها مشاهده نشد، طی یک ماه نیز امولسیون‌های دارای غلظت درصد صمغ فارسی کاملاً پایدار بودند. با افزایش دمای خشک‌کن، اندیس خامه‌ای شدن کاهش یافت؛ اماغلظت صمغ ورودی به خشک‌کن و دمای تیمار حرارتی تأثیر معنی‌داری (p <0.05) براندیس خامه‌ای شدن نداشتند. با افزایش غلظت صمغ فارسی از 0.5 به 2-1.5 درصد، میانگین اندازه ذرات امولسیون کاهش یافت؛ اما با افزایش بیشترغلظت صمغ فارسی تا 3 درصد میانگین اندازه ذرات افزایش پیدا کرد. از بین عوامل بررسی‌ شده تنها دمای خشک‌ کن بر اندازه ذرات تأثیرگذار (p <0.05) بود به‌ گونه‌ای‌ که با افزایش دمای خشک‌ کن میانگین اندازه ذرات افزایش یافت.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Drying Temperature, Heat Treatment and Gum Concentration on Emulsifying Properties of Farsi Gum

چکیده [English]

This study aimed at investigating the effects of drying temperature, heat treatment and gum concentration on emulsifying properties of Farsi gum, extracted from Amygdalus scoparia Spach. For this purpose, solutions of 3, 3.5, 4 and 5% concentration of Farsi gum were prepared. These solutions were heat treated at 65, 75 and 85 °C for 1 minute. Then, they were dried by spray dryer at 120,150, 165 and 180 °C. The 20% sunflower oil emulsions were prepared at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 3% concentration of Farsi gum. The results showed that a decrease in drying temperature made improvement in the emulsion ability and emulsion stability of Farsi gum; but heat treatment and gum concentration had no significant effect (p < 0.05) on the emulsifying properties of Farsi gum. Emulsions contained 1% Farsi gum were stabled after a week and creaming was not observed, also after a month, emulsion contained 2% Farsi gum was stabled. By increasing the drying temperature, creaming index decreased but gum concentration and heat treatment had no significant effect (p < 0.05) on creaming index. The average size of droplets of emulsion decreased with increasing concentrations of Farsi gum from 0.5% to 1.5%-2% but with increasing concentrations of Farsi gum to 3%, the average size of droplets of emulsion increased. Among the factors involved, only drying temperature had significant effect (p < 0.05) on size of droplets of the emulsions. Consequently, the average size of droplets increased with increasing drying temperature.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Emulsion ability
  • Emulsion stability Functional properties
  • Heat treatment
  • Spray dryer
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