نوع مقاله : مقالات علمی -پژوهشی
نویسندگان
دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
چکیده
پس از وقوعِ حوادث دگرگون‌کننده بنیادین، قانون اساسی جدید تدوین می‌شود. موجودیت‌یافتن قانون اساسی1382 افغانستان، به‌دنبال روی‌کارآمدن دولت جدید، نیز چنینْ بوده است. در فرآیند نگارشِ قوانین اساسی جدید، راجع به چیستی نظام آینده سیاسی کشور (بسیط یا مرکب‌بودن) تصمیم‌گیری می‌شود. موضوع فدرالی‌شدن افغانستان در فرآیند نگارش قانون اساسی جدید افغانستان، سرمنشأ مخالفت‌ها و موافقت‌های فراوان گردید. افغانستان، دارای بسترهای مناسب تنوّع قومی و مذهبی و نژادی برای تأسیس فدرالیسم بود؛ ولی دست‌اندرکاران تدوین قانون اساسی هشتم، از فدرالی‌سازی افغانستان صرف‌نظر نمودند. نگارندگان، در پاسخ به پرسش (کدامین دلایل اجتماعی، سیاسی، فرهنگی، سبب‌ساز شد تا فدرالیسم علی‌رغم وجود زمینه‌های مناسب، به قانون اساسی هشتم افغانستان راه نیابد) با بهره‌گیری از شیوه تحلیل اسنادی مبتنی بر زمینه‌یابی، به این یافته‌ها دست یازیدند که احتمال تجزیه کشور، شکاف اقتصادی موجود میان ولایات، احتمال افزون‌شدن دخالت همسایگان و کم‌سوادی و رشدنیافتگی سیاسی مردم، به‌ترتیب، مهم‌ترین دلایل ردِّ فدرالیسم در هنگامه تدوین قانون اساسی جدید بود.
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