بررسی روش های آزمایشگاهی و اجرایی اندازه گیری انرژی ناشی ازآلودگی صوتی ترافیک

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان

دانشکده مهندسی عمران و محیط زیست، دانشگاه صنعتی امیرکبیر، تهران، ایران

چکیده

اندازه‌‌گیری و سنجش میزان آلودگی صوتی ترافیکی، همواره مورد توجه مدیران سیستم حمل و نقل شهری بوده است. تعاریف صوت و نویز، بررسی تفاوت‌‌های آن‌‌ها، عوامل تولید و انتشار آلودگی صوتی ترافیکی، روش‌‌های مختلف آزمایشگاهی و اجرایی در راستای اندازه‌‌گیری انرژی صوتی، نقشه‌‌های صوتی و بررسی روش‌‌های کاهش انرژی صوت از مهم ترین عناوین مورد بررسی در این تحقیق است. اندرکنش لاستیک و روسازی به عنوان مهم ترین عامل آلودگی صوتی ترافیکی در سرعت‌‌های بالای 40 کیلومتر بر ساعت برای ماشین‌‌های سواری و در سرعت‌‌های بالای 70 کیلومتر بر ساعت برای کامیون‌‌‌‌ها، منبع اصلی آلودگی صوتی شناخته شده است. استفاده از درصد فضای خالی مناسب در رویه‌‌های آسفالتی، آلودگی صوتی حاصل از اندرکنش لاستیک و روسازی را تا 10 دسی بل کاهش داده است. آسفالت متخلخل با فضای خالی بیش از 20٪ عملکرد مطلوبی را در کاهش آلودگی صوتی ترافیکی نشان داده است. شدت آلودگی صوتی ترافیکی با استفاده از روش های آزمایشگاهی و اجرایی مورد اندازه گیری قرار گرفته است. روش‌‌های آزمایشگاهی در محیط آزمایشگاه و با شرایط کنترل شده قابل انجام است. نتایج آزمایش‌‌ها دقیق تر بوده و به طور گسترده در اندازه‌‌گیری آلودگی صوتی حاصل از اندرکنش بین لاستیک و سطح روسازی مورد استفاده قرار گرفته است. روش‌‌های اجرایی با وجود تحت تاثیرقرارگرفتن آلودگی‌‌های صوتی محیط، نویز واقعی اندرکنش لاستیک با روسازی را به طور واقعی تری اندازه گیری می کند.   

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of laboratory and Field methods of measuring energy caused by traffic noise pollution

نویسندگان [English]

  • Dorna Sadat Sheikholeslami
  • Rashid Tanzadeh
  • Fereidoon Moghadas Nejad
Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Amirkabir university of Technology, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

The traffic noise pollution measurement has always been considered by urban transportation system managers. Sound and noise definitions, evaluation of their differences, production and propagation factors of traffic noise pollution, various laboratory and field sound energy measurement methods, noise maps, and investigation of the methods of sound energy reduction are the most important topics studied in this research. Tire-pavement interaction noise (TPIN) is known as the most important source of traffic noise pollution at speeds above 40 km/h for passenger cars and 70 km/h for trucks. Using the appropriate air void content in asphalt surfaces has reduced the noise pollution caused by TPIN up to 10 dB. Porous asphalt with more than 20% air void content has shown good performance in reducing traffic noise pollution. The severity of traffic noise pollution has been measured using laboratory and field methods. Laboratory methods can be performed in a laboratory environment and under controlled conditions. Laboratory test results are more accurate and this method has been widely used in TPIN measurements. Field methods measure the tire-pavement interaction noise (TPIN) more realistically despite ambient noise pollution.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Noise
  • laboratory
  • field
  • noise map
  • pollution reduction
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