بررسی تغییرات کمی آب زیرزمینی دشت میاندوآب متأثر از مدیریت بهره‌برداری از منابع آب سطحی و زیرزمینی با استفاده از مدل ریاضی MODFLOW-NWT

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری آبیاری زهکشی- دانشگاه ارومیه

2 دانشیار بخش آبیاری و زهکشی، گروه مهندسی آب دانشگاه ارومیه

3 دانشیار گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

4 استاد گروه علوم و تکنولوژی آب موسسه تحقیقاتی EWAG ، سوئیس

چکیده

نیاز به آب زیرزمینی در دهه­های اخیر منجر به توسعه استراتژی­های گوناگون برای مدیریت منابع آب سطحی و استفاده مناسب از آب­های زیرزمینی شده است. در این مطالعه، مدل آب زیرزمینی آبخوان دشت میاندوآب توسط مدل MODFLOW-NWT تهیه شد. پس از واسنجی و صحت­سنجی، سه سناریو بررسی شد. در سناریوی اول و دوم، افزایش 10 و 20 درصدی بازده آبیاری در دشت و کاهش پمپاژ از آب زیرزمینی صورت گرفت. در سناریوی سوم، عدم پمپاژ آب توسط موتورپمپ از رودخانه­های سیمینه­رود و زرینه­رود و تأمین نیاز آبی از آب زیرزمینی بررسی گردید. در سناریوهای اول و دوم، با افزایش بازده، کل آب مصرفی را می­توان از 924 میلیون مترمکعب در وضع موجود به ترتیب به 776 و 664 میلیون مترمکعب کاهش داد. با تأمین 642 میلیون مترمکعب از طریق آب سطحی می­توان پمپاژ از آب زیرزمینی را به ترتیب به میزان 148 و 282 میلیون مترمکعب نسبت به وضع موجود کاهش داد. نتایج نشان داد از مقدار آبی که دیگر پمپاژ نمی­شود، به ترتیب میزان 34 و 41 میلیون مترمکعب به‌صورت جریان آب زیرزمینی از پایین­دست به سمت دریاچه ارومیه خارج شده است و به ترتیب میزان 40 و 51 میلیون مترمکعب به منابع آب سطحی تخلیه شده و مابقی در دشت ذخیره شده است. ادامه این شرایط بعد از 5 سال منجر به زهدار شدن اراضی میانی دشت خواهد شد. مقدار آب برگشتی کشاورزی در وضع موجود 33 درصد و در سناریوهای اول و دوم به ترتیب 28 و 20 درصد است که نسبت به وضع موجود 5 و 13 درصد کاهش یافته است. در سناریوی سوم، سطح آب زیرزمینی به‌طور متوسط بعد از 1 و 5 سال به ترتیب 5/1 و 3 متر پایین رفت، اما توانست در مدت 5 سال، 495 میلیون مترمکعب آب برای احیای دریاچه تأمین نماید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of quantitative changes in the groundwater table of Miandoab plain affected by surface and groundwater resources management using the MODFLOW-NWT mathematical model

نویسندگان [English]

  • Roza Jonubi 1
  • Vahid Rezaverdinejad 2
  • javad behmanesh 3
  • Karim Abbaspour 4
1 PhD student, Department of Water Engineering, Urmia University, P. O. Box: 165, Sero Road, Nazlou Campus, Urmia, Iran
2 Urmia University
3 Associated Professor, Department of Water Engineering, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
4 Professor, Soil scientist and hydrologist, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Eawag Ueberlandstr 133, P.O. Box 611, Duebendorf
چکیده [English]

Need for groundwater in recent decades has led to the development of various strategies for managing surface water resources and proper use of groundwater. In this study, the groundwater aquifer model of Miandoab plain was prepared by MODFLOW-NWT model. After calibration and validation, three scenarios were investigated. In the first and second scenarios, increase of 10 % and 20% of irrigation efficiency in the plain and reduction of pumping from groundwater was applied, respectively. In the third scenario, preventing pumping water by pump engine from rivers of Siminehrood and Zarinehrood and providing water requirement from groundwater resources was applied. In the first and second scenarios, with increasing efficiency, total water consumption can be reduced from 924 MCM in current situation to 776 and 664 MCM, respectively. By providing 642 MCM of surface water, pumping water from groundwater could be reduced by 148 and 282 MCM relative to the current situation, respectively. The results showed that from amount of water that is no longer pumped, the amount of 34 and 41 MCM are exited as underground flow from downstream toward Lake Urmia, respectively, amount of 40 and 51 MCM are discharged into surface water resources, respectively, and the rest is stored in the plain. With continuing this approach after 5 years will lead to swamp in middle of plain. The amount of agricultural return water in current situation is 33% and in the first and second scenarios are 28% and 20%, respectively, which relative to the current situation have been decreased by 5% and 13%, respectively. In the third scenario, by increasing pumping from groundwater, the average level of groundwater went down by 1.5 and 3 meters after 1 and 5 years, respectively, but it provided 495 MCM to restore Lake Urmia after 5 years.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Groundwater Modeling
  • irrigation efficiency
  • Management Scenarios
  • Supply and Demand
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