نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی - مدل سازی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، ایران

3 استاد، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران

4 مدیر بخش مطالعات کاربردی کشت و صنعت دعبل خزاعی، اهواز، ایران

چکیده

باتوجه به اینکه زمین­‌های مناسب کشاورزی برای افزایش تولید محصول درحال کم شدن است و گسترش زمین‌های کشاورزی با خسارات زیست محیطی جبران ناپذیری همراه می‌باشد، تشدید پایداری در زمین‌های زراعی موجود تنها راه برای افزایش تولید در جهت رفع تقاضای روز افزون به منابع غذایی است. بنابراین بررسی محدودیت‌های بیوفیزیکی عملکرد و تعیین بزرگی خلأ  موجود در اراضی تحت کشت و همچنین کم کردن این فاصله و خلا، یکی از راه‌های افزایش عملکرد در واحد سطح می‌باشد. کلزا پس ‌از سویا مقام دوم تولید روغن در بین دانه‌‌های روغنی را دارا می‌باشد. استان ایلام یکی از مناطق مهم کشور در زمینه کشت دانههای روغنی از جمله کلزا به شمار می‌رود و حدود 80 درصد محصول کلزای این استان، در شهرستان مرزی دهلران تولیدشده و این شهرستان، یکی از شهرستان­‌های پیشرو و قطب اصلی تولید کلزا در استان می‌باشد. لذا با توجه به اهمیت کلزا در این شهرستان و مطالب ذکر شده، این مطالعه با هدف تعیین عوامل محدود کننده‌ تولید کلزا در شهرستان دهلران انجام شد. به این منظور کلیه عملیات مدیریتی انجام شده از مرحله تهیه بستر بذر تا برداشت در 51 مزرعه از طریق مطالعات میدانی طی سال‌های 1400 تا 1401 ثبت شد. خلأ عملکرد به روش تحلیل مقایسه کارکرد[1]و آنالیز خط مرزی[2] برآورد شد که برای تعیین مدل عملکرد، رابطه بین متغیرهای کمی و کیفی اندازه گیری شده و عملکرد با روش رگرسیون گام به گام مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. تعیین عوامل محدود کننده تولید در زراعت کلزا در منطقه مورد مطالعه نشان داد که بین عملکرد واقعی کشاورزان و عملکرد پیش‌بینی‌ شده با مدل حدود 54/833 کیلوگرم در هکتار فاصله وجود داشت که سهم متغیرهای کود پتاس، کود گوگرد، تعداد آبیاری و مقدار مصرف ریز مغذی‌ها از این فاصله عملکرد به ترتیب سهمی معادل 99/102، 56/118، 20/442 و 79/169 کیلوگرم در هکتار بود که به ترتیب معادل با 36/12، 22/14، 05/53 و 37/20 درصد از کل خلأ عملکرد مشاهده ‌شد. آنالیز خلأ عملکرد کلزا نشان داد که تعداد دفعات آبیاری به تنهایی در حدود 53 درصد از کاهش عملکرد نسبت به عملکرد قابل دستیابی را به خود اختصاص داده‌ است. با توجه به اینکه در تاریخ کاشت‌های بسیار زود هنگام در مهرماه نیاز به آبیاری مزرعه بالا است، به ‌نظر می‌رسد می‌توان با مدیریت بهتر این تاریخ کاشت کلزا در منطقه از بروز تنش خشکی به گیاه کاست و تا حدی خلأ عملکرد را پر کرد. علاوه بر این، 57 درصد از خلأ عملکرد موجود در منطقه مربوط به استفاده از کودهای پتاس، گوگرددار و ریزمغذی‌ها بوده که به سهولت می‌توان نسبت به رفع این محدودیت‌ها در مزارع اقدام کرد.
[1]- CPA
[2]- BLA
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the rapeseed yield gap in Dehloran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Marzieh Absalan 1
  • Esfandiar Fateh 2
  • َAmir Aynehband 3
  • Abolfazl Derakhshan 4

1 M.Sc student, Department of Production Engineering and Plant Genetic, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Production Engineering and Plant Genetic, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

3 Professor, Department of Production Engineering and Plant Genetic, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

4 Manager of Practical Studies of Debal Khazaie Agriculture and Industry, Ahvaz, Iran

چکیده [English]

 
Introduction
As suitable agricultural land for increasing crop production is decreasing, while the expansion of agricultural land is associated with irreparable damage to the environmen, intensifying sustainability in existing agricultural land is the only way to increase production to meet the increasing demand for food resources. Therefore, investigating the biophysical limitations on yield and estimating yield gaps  in the cultivated lands, as well as reducing this gap, is one of the ways to increase the yield per unit area. After soybean, rapeseed is the world's second produced oilseed. Ilam province is one of the most important oilseeds producer regions of the country, including rapeseed, and about 80% of the rapeseed crop of this province is produced in the border city of Dehloran, and this city is one of the pioneer cities and the main pole of rapeseed production in the province. Therefore, according to the importance of rapeseed in Deholran city, this study was conducted with the aim of determining the limiting factors of rapeseed production in Dehloran.
 
Materials and Methods
In the present study, all the management operations were performed from seedbed preparation to harvesting in 51 farms were recorded through field studies during the years 2021 to 2022. In this study, the yield gap was estimated by the method of yield comparison analysis and borderline analysis, and to determine the yield model, the relationship between quantitative and qualitative variables was measured and yield was evaluated by step-by-step regression method.
 
Results and Discussion
Determining the limiting factors on rapeseed production in the studied area showed that there was a gap between the actual yield of farmers and the yield predicted by the model of about 833.54 kgha-1, which was the contribution of the variables of potash fertilizer consumption, sulfur consumption, and the number of irrigations. The consumption of micronutrients from this yield interval was equal to 102.99, 118.56, 442.20 and 169.79 kgha-1, which is equivalent to 12.36, 14.22, 53.05 and 37, respectively. 20% of the total yield gap was observed. Gap analysis of rapeseed yield showed that the number of irrigations alone accounts for 53% of yield reduction compared to attainable yields.
Conclusion
As, there is a need to irrigate the field in the very early planting date in October, it seems that with better management of rapeseed for this planting date in the region, the occurrence of drought stress can be reduced to the plant and to some extent fill the gap in the existing yield. In addition, 57% of the yield gaps in the region were related to the use of potash, sulfur and micronutrient fertilizers, which can be easily removed this limitations in the fields.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Food security
  • Limiting factors
  • Actual yield
  • Border Line Statistical method
  • Attainable yield
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