ارزیابی برخی خصوصیات اکو فیزیولوژیک ذرت S.C 704 در کشت مخلوط افزایشی با گیاه ماش

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه پیام نور، ایران

چکیده

اهداف: از آنجایی‌که بهبود استفاده از منابع محیطی در کشت مخلوط یکی از راهکارهای اساسی برای رسیدن به کشاورزی پایدار است، بر این اساس به‌منظور بررسی برخی خصوصیات اکو فیزیولوژیک ذرت S.C 704 در کشت مخلوط افزایشی با گیاه ماش این آزمایش انجام گردید.
 
مواد و روش‌ها: آزمایش بر مبنای طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با شش تیمار و چهار تکرار طی تابستان سال 1397 به‌صورت مزرعه‌ای در منطقه دزفول اجرا گردید. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل نسبت­های مختلف کشت مخلوط افزایشی ذرت- ماش (افزودن 10، 20، 30، 40 و 50 درصد از تراکم مطلوب گیاه ماش به تراکم مطلوب ذرت) و کشت خالص ذرت (شاهد) بود.
 
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که اثر تیمارهای مختلف کشت مخلوط افزایشی ذرت- ماش بر شاخص سطح برگ، دوام سطح برگ، میزان جذب تشعشع، سرعت رشد محصول، تجمع ماده خشک و کارایی مصرف تشعشع معنی­دار بود. اما سرعت رشد نسبی تحت تأثیر معنی­دار تیمارهای آزمایش قرار نگرفت. در این تحقیق، با افزایش تراکم ماش مقادیر صفات مورد ارزیابی در کلیه تیمارهای کشت مخلوط نسبت به کشت خالص ذرت بیشتر شد. در این میان، تیمار کشت مخلوط افزایشی ذرت+40% ماش با بهره­گیری از مقادیر بیشتر شاخص سطح برگ (28/5)، دوام سطح برگ (217 LAI- روز)، جذب تشعشع فعال فتوسنتزی (12/18 مگاژول بر مترمربع در روز)، سرعت رشد محصول (14/30 گرم بر مترمربع در روز) و سرعت رشد نسبی (0838/0 گرم بر گرم در روز) نسبت به دیگر تیمارهای آزمایش بیشترین میزان تجمع ماده خشک (50/1996 گرم بر مترمربع) و به‌تبع آن بالاترین میزان کارایی مصرف تشعشع (91/2 گرم بر مگاژول) را به خود اختصاص داد.
 
نتیجه‌گیری: به‌طور کلی می­توان تیمار ذرت+40% ماش را به‌عنوان بهترین سیستم کشت مخلوط افزایشی ذرت- ماش از نظر بهره‌برداری از منابع محیطی و تولید ماده خشک معرفی نمود.   
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Some Ecophysiological Properties of Maize S.C 704 in Additive Intercropping with Mungbean

نویسنده [English]

  • Hassan Nouriyani
چکیده [English]

Background and Objective:Since improving the efficiency of environmental resources utilization in intercropping is one of the essential strategies for achieving sustainable agriculture, Therefore, in order to assess some ecophysiological properties of maize S.C 704 in additive intercropping with mungbean, an experiment was conducted.
 
Materials and Methods: The experiment was based on randomized complete block design with six treatments and four replications in Dezful region during the summer of 2018. Experimental treatments consisted of different additive intercroppingof maize-mungbean intercropping (adding 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% of optimum density of mungbean to optimum maize density) and a pure stand of maize (control).
 
Results: The results showed that the effect of different maize -mungbean additive intercropping treatments on leaf area index, leaf area duration, light absorption, crop growth rate, dry matter accumulation and light use efficiency was significant. But the relative growth rate was not significantly affected by the treatments. In this study, with increasing in mungbean density, the evaluated traits in all intercropping treatments were higher than that of pure maize. However, the additive intercropping treatment of maize+40% mungbean utilized higher leaf area index (5.28), leaf area duration (217 LAI-day), absorption of photosynthetically active radiation (18.12 MJ/m2), Crop growth rate (30.14 g/m2/day) and relative growth rate (0.0838 g/g/day) compared to the other treatments, resulting in the highest dry matter accumulation (1996.50 g/m2) and consequently the highest radiation use efficiency (2.91 g/mJ).
 
Conclusion:In general, maize+40% mungbean treatment can be introduced as the best maize-mungbean additive intercropping system, regarding environmental resources consumption and dry matter production.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Photosynthetically active radiation
  • Maize
  • Leaf area index
  • Light use efficiency
  • Intercropping

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دانش کشاورزی وتولید پایدار
دوره 30، شماره 4
دی 1399
صفحه 45-58

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