Evaluation of morphological traits and chemical compounds of chicory (Cichorium intybus) populations in central Iran (Markazi province)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Department of Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arak, Iran

Abstract

Chicory has a wide range of uses in the pharmaceutical and food industries owing to its valuable bioactive compounds such as phenolic acids, terpenoids, vitamins, and inulin. The presence and content of these compounds are influenced by genetic and environmental factors, as well as the processing method. The present research aimed to evaluate the morphological and biochemical characteristics of wild chicory populations from the Markazi province, Iran. The essential oil was extracted through the distillation technique using Clevenger-type apparatus. GC and GC/MS were used to identify the compounds of the essential oil, and a spectrophotometer was used to determine the amount of inulin. The results showed high and significant diversity between populations for the measured traits. The maximum and minimum variations were observed for the plant height and branch weight, respectively. Significant correlations were observed between different traits. The yield and composition of essential oil in the studied populations showed considerable variation. The main components of the essential oil were chamazulene, 1,8-cineole, carvacrol, cuminic aldehyde, thymol, cinnamic aldehyde, camphor, borneol, linalool, and carvone. Cluster analysis separated the populations into two different groups based on morphological traits and chemical components of essential oils. In conclusion, the existence of considerable diversity in morphological traits and chemical compounds among the chicory populations can be useful in the breeding programs of this plant.

Keywords


Article Title [Persian]

ارزیابی صفات مورفولوژیکی و ترکیبات شیمیایی گیاه دارویی کاسنی (Cichorium intybus) در مرکز ایران ( استان مرکزی)

Authors [Persian]

  • گلپر رحمتی
  • منصور قربانپور
گروه گیاهان دارویی و معطر، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه اراک، اراک
Abstract [Persian]

گیاه کاسنی به دلیل داشتن ترکیبات زیست فعال ارزشمند مانند اسیدهای فنولیک، ترپنوئیدها، ویتامین ­ها و اینولین، دارای طیف استفاده وسیعی در صنایع دارویی و غذایی می ­باشد. حضور و میزان این ترکیبات متأثر از عوامل ژنتیکی و محیطی مختلف و روش فرآوری است. در این پژوهش جمعیت­ های وحشی مختلف از گیاه کاسنی واقع در مرکز کشور (استان مرکزی) با استفاده از صفات مورفولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. استخراج اسانس با روش تقطیر با آب و دستگاه کلونجر انجام شد. برای شناسایی و جداسازی ترکیبات موجود در اسانس از دستگاه GC و GC/MS و برای تعیین میزان اینولین از دستگاه اسپکتروفتومتر استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که تنوع بالا و معنی­ دار بین جمعیت ­ها از نظر صفات مختلف وجود دارد. محتوی و ترکیبات اسانس نیز در جمعیت­ های مورد مطالعه دارای تنوع قابل ملاحظه ­ای بود. ترکیبات اصلی اسانس شامل کامازولن، 1و8-سینئول، کارواکرول، کومینیک آلدهید، تیمول، سینامیک آلدهید، کامفور، بورنئول، لینالول و کاروُن بودند. تجزیه کلاستر بر اساس صفات مورفولوژیکی و ترکیبات شیمیایی اسانس، جمعیت­ ها را در دو گروه مختلف تفکیک کرد. در نتیجه وجود تنوع قابل توجه در صفات مورفولوژیکی و ترکیبات شیمیایی در بین جمعیت­ های کاسنی می­ تواند در برنامه­ های اصلاحی این گیاه مفید واقع شود.
 

Keywords [Persian]

  • اسانس
  • ترکیبات شیمیایی
  • تنوع ژنتیکی
  • کاسنی
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