Effects of application of vitamin-mineral supplement in milk on performances of Holstein suckling calves

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، شهرستان پارس آباد، ایران

2 عضو هیئت علمی- دانشگاه تبریز

3 گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

4 عضو هیئت علمی گروه علوم دامش دانشگاه تبریز

چکیده

Roumak Extra (RE) supplement was prepared from Soha Aghrin Tech Co (Tehran, Iran). Material and method: At day of birth, thirty Holstein suckling calves were randomly assigned to 3 treatments with 10 calves in each group from 3 through to 60 days of age. Treatments were: (1) CON (no additives), (2) LMV (addition of 15 grams of RE supplement per liter of milk), (3) HMV (addition of 25 grams of RE supplement per liter of milk). Whole milk was fed to calves at two meals at 09:00 and 17:00. In all treatments same starter (20% protein and 3.3 Mcal/kg metabolizable energy) were fed to calves. Calves had free access to starter and water from the beginning of the experiment. Whole milk was fed to calves at two meals at 09:00 and 17:00. Calves had free access to starter and water from the beginning of the experiment. Data were analyzed by mixed procedures of SAS (9.1) software. Treatments had no effect on body weight changes and daily weight gain of calves (P˃0.05). Calves fed vitamin-mineral supplement (LMV and HMV) consumed less starter than CON calves (p <0.05). Also, the length of starter intake in the CON group was higher than the LMV and HMV calves (p <0.05). Dry matter digestibility increased (P˂0.05) in LMV and HMV in compared to CON group. Conclusion: Conclusion: Conclusion: The final weight and daily weight gain of the calves on supplemented treatments were same with control group indicating an improvement in the feed conversion ratio and nutrients digestibility.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of application of vitamin-mineral supplement in milk on performances of Holstein suckling calves

نویسندگان [English]

  • shabnam delir 1
  • Hamid Mohammmad zadeh 2
  • Akbar Taghizadeh 3
  • hamid paya 4
1 Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agiculture, Univercity of Tabriz, City of Parsabad, Iran
3 Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
4 Department of Animal Science, University of Tabriz
چکیده [English]

Considering the breeding calves are one of the most important management programs in dairy farms and calves in the coming years are the main farm profit, proper nutrition is important for their well-being. Calves do not eat enough solid feed in the first few weeks of life due to the lack of complete rumen development. Therefore, milk or milk replacer in this period is the most important source of energy and protein and other essential nutrients for the growth and health of calves Aim: The objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of vitamin-mineral supplementation (Roumak Extra) in milk on performances of Holstein suckling calves. Roumak Extra (RE) supplement was prepared from Soha Aghrin Tech Co (Tehran, Iran). Material and method: At day of birth, thirty Holstein suckling calves were randomly assigned to 3 treatments with 10 calves in each group from 3 through to 60 days of age. The experiment was conclusion at 4 perids. Treatments were: (1) CON (no additives), (2) LMV (addition of 15 grams of RE supplement per liter of milk), (3) HMV (addition of 25 grams of RE supplement per liter of milk). Whole milk was fed to calves at two meals at 09:00 and 17:00. In all treatments same starter (20% protein and 3.3 Mcal/kg metabolizable energy) were fed to calves. Calves had free access to starter and water from the beginning of the experiment. Data were analyzed by mixed procedures of SAS (9.1) software. Results: Treatments had no effect on body weight changes and daily weight gain of calves (P˃0.05). Calves fed vitamin-mineral supplement (LMV and HMV) consumed less starter than CON calves (p < 0.05). Also, the length of starter intake in the CON group was higher than the LMV and HMV calves (p < 0.05). Dry matter digestibility increased (P˂0.05) in LMV and HMV in compared to CON group. Total protein concentration was significantly higher in CON when compared with HMV (P˂0.05). Conclusion: The final weight and daily weight gain of the calves on supplemented treatments were same with control group indicating an improvement in the feed conversion ratio and nutrients digestibility.
Considering the breeding calves are one of the most important management programs in dairy farms and calves in the coming years are the main farm profit, proper nutrition is important for their well-being. Calves do not eat enough solid feed in the first few weeks of life due to the lack of complete rumen development. Therefore, milk or milk replacer in this period is the most important source of energy and protein and other essential nutrients for the growth and health of calves Aim: The objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of vitamin-mineral supplementation (Roumak Extra) in milk on performances of Holstein suckling calves. Roumak Extra (RE) supplement was prepared from Soha Aghrin Tech Co (Tehran, Iran). Material and method: At day of birth, thirty Holstein suckling calves were randomly assigned to 3 treatments with 10 calves in each group from 3 through to 60 days of age. The experiment was conclusion at 4 perids. Treatments were: (1) CON (no additives), (2) LMV (addition of 15 grams of RE supplement per liter of milk), (3) HMV (addition of 25 grams of RE supplement per liter of milk). Whole milk was fed to calves at two meals at 09:00 and 17:00. In all treatments same starter (20% protein and 3.3 Mcal/kg metabolizable energy) were fed to calves. Calves had free access to starter and water from the beginning of the experiment. Data were analyzed by mixed procedures of SAS (9.1) software. Results: Treatments had no effect on body weight changes and daily weight gain of calves (P˃0.05). Calves fed vitamin-mineral supplement (LMV and HMV) consumed less starter than CON calves (p < 0.05). Also, the length of starter intake in the CON group was higher than the LMV and HMV calves (p < 0.05). Dry matter digestibility increased (P˂0.05) in LMV and HMV in compared to CON group. Total protein concentration was significantly higher in CON when compared with HMV (P˂0.05). Conclusion: The final weight and daily weight gain of the calves on supplemented treatments were same with control group indicating an improvement in the feed conversion ratio and nutrients digestibility.
Considering the breeding calves are one of the most important management programs in dairy farms and calves in the coming years are the main farm profit, proper nutrition is important for their well-being. Calves do not eat enough solid feed in the first few weeks of life due to the lack of complete rumen development. Therefore, milk or milk replacer in this period is the most important source of energy and protein and other essential nutrients for the growth and health of calves Aim: The objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of vitamin-mineral supplementation (Roumak Extra) in milk on performances of Holstein suckling calves. Roumak Extra (RE) supplement was prepared from Soha Aghrin Tech Co (Tehran, Iran). Material and method: At day of birth, thirty Holstein suckling calves were randomly assigned to 3 treatments with 10 calves in each group from 3 through to 60 days of age. The experiment was conclusion at 4 perids. Treatments were: (1) CON (no additives), (2) LMV (addition of 15 grams of RE supplement per liter of milk), (3) HMV (addition of 25 grams of RE supplement per liter of milk). Whole milk was fed to calves at two meals at 09:00 and 17:00. In all treatments same starter (20% protein and 3.3 Mcal/kg metabolizable energy) were fed to calves. Calves had free access to starter and water from the beginning of the experiment. Data were analyzed by mixed procedures of SAS (9.1) software. Results: Treatments had no effect on body weight changes and daily weight gain of calves (P˃0.05). Calves fed vitamin-mineral supplement (LMV and HMV) consumed less starter than CON calves (p < 0.05). Also, the length of starter intake in the CON group was higher than the LMV and HMV calves (p < 0.05). Dry matter digestibility increased (P˂0.05) in LMV and HMV in compared to CON group. Total protein concentration was significantly higher in CON when compared with HMV (P˂0.05). Conclusion: The final weight and daily weight gain of the calves on supplemented treatments were same with control group indicating an improvement in the feed conversion ratio and nutrients digestibility.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Blood parameters
  • Chelate minerals
  • Efficiency of dietary
  • Probiotics
  • Starter intake
  • Vitamins

مراجع

Alimohamady R, Aliarabi H, Bahari AA and Dezfoulian AH, 2013. Influence of different amounts and sources of selenium supplementation on performance, some blood parameters, and nutrient digestibility in lambs. Biological Trace Element Research.154:45–54.
Aliarabi H, Alimohamadi R, Bahari AA and Zamani P, 2014. Effects of different sources of selenium on growth, hematological and rumen parameters in finishing Mahraban lambs. Journal of Ruminant Research. 2(3): 27-39.
AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists), 2005. Official methods of analysis of the association of analytical chemists international, 18th ed. mathersburg, MD U.S.A.
Asadi M, Tughdari A and Gourchi T, 2018. Effect of oral and injectable selenium and vitamin E on performance, blood parameters and digestibility of nutrients in Dahlagh breed lambs. Journal of Animal Production Research. 20: 87-79.
Chrystian JC, Jhonatan P, Boito RR, Gebert JHR, Reis Gustavo M, Nathieli BB, Vera M, Morsch MRC, Schetinger PH and Doleski MLRL, 2018. Metaphylactic effect of minerals on immunological and antioxidant responses, weight gain and minimization of coccidiosis of newborn lambs. Research in Veterinary Science. 121:46–52.
Chapinal N, Veira DM, Weary DM and Von Keyserlingk MA G, 2007. Validation of a system for monitoring individual feeding and drinking behavior and intake in group housed cattle. Journal of Dairy Science. 90: 573-584.
Darezershkipoor M, Parsaeimehr Kh, Hossenzadeh S and Farhoomand P, 2014. The effects of different levels of prebiotic (A-MAX) on digestibility, and blood biochemical parameters in West Azarbaijan kids. Journal of Veterinary Clinical Pathology. 28: 314-321.
Dehghan-banadaky M, Krueger LA, Stabel JR and Beitz DC, 2015. Effects of Complete Vitamin and Mineral Supplementation in Full Potential All-milk Diets on Growth and Health of Holstein Bull Calves. Journal of Animal Reproduvtion. AS 661: ASL R2968.
Dominguez-Vara IA, Gonzalez-Munoz SS, Pinos-Rodriguez JM, Borquez-Gastelum JL, Barcena-Gama R, Mendoza-Martinez G, Zapata LE and Landois-Palencia LL, 2009. Effects of feeding selenium-yeast and chromium-yeast to finishing lambs on growth, carcass characteristics, and blood hormones and metabolites. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 152:42-49.
Emami A, Ganj khanlou M, Zali A, Akbari Afjani A and Hozhbari A, 2015. Effect of chromium supplementation on performance and on carcass characteristics of Mahabadi goat kids. Iranian Journal of Animal Science. 44: 97-104.
Erickson GE, Klopfenstein TJ, Milton CT, Hanson D and Calkins C, 1999. Effect of dietary phosphorus on finishing steer performance, bone status, and carcass maturity. Journal of Animal Science. 77:2832–2836.
Galvao KN, Santos JE, Coscioni A, Villasenor M, Sischo WM and Berge AC, 2005. Effect of feeding live yeast products to calves with failure of passive transfer on performance and patterns of antibiotic resistance in fecal Echerchia coli. Reproduction Nutrition Development. 45:427-440.
Haldar S, Mondal S, Samanta S and Ghosh TK, 2009. Effects of dietary chromium supplementation on glucose tolerance and primary antibody response against des petits ruminants in dwarf Bengal goats (Caprahircus). Journal of Animal Science. 3: 209-217.
Hill TM, Bateman HG, Aldrich JL, Schlotterbeck RL and Tanan KG, 2007. Optimal concentrations of lysine, methionine, and threonine in milk replacers for calves less than five weeks of age. Journal of Dairy Science. 91:2433–2442.
Hill TM, Bateman HG, Aldrich JM and Schlotterbeck RL, 2009. Optimizing nutrient ratios in milk replacers for calves less than five weeks of age. Journal of Dairy Science.92:3281–3291.
Hosseinabadi M, Dehghan-Banadaky M and Zali A, 2013. The Effect of feeding of bacterial probiotic in milk or starter on growth performance, health, blood and rumen parameters of suckling calves. Research on Animal Production. 4(8):75-93.
Kamada H, Nokada I, Ueda Y and Murai M, 2007. Selenium addition to colostrum increases immunoglobulin G absorption by newborn calves. Journal of Dairy Science. 90:5665–5670.
Khan MA, Lee HJ, Lee WS, Kim HS, Kim SB, Ki KS, Ha JK, Lee HG and Choi YJ, 2007. Pre- and post-weaning performance of Holstein female calves fed milk through step-down and conventional methods. Journal of Dairy Science. 90:876–885.
Kitchalong L, Femandez JM, Bunting LD, Southem LL and Binder TD, 1995. Influence of chromium tripicolinate on glucose metabolism and nutrirnt partitioning in growing lambs. Journal of Animal Science. 73:2694- 2705.
Lee SH, Park BY, Yeo JM, Sung S, Lee JH, Ha JK and Wa Y, 2007. Effects of different selenium sources on performance, carcass characteristics, plasma glutathione peroxidase activity and selenium deposition in finishing Hanwoo steers. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science. 20(2):229-236.
Mecitoglu Z, 2017. Effects of vitamin and trace element supplementation on weight gain and health of calves fed raw or pasteurized waste milk.
Mohri M, Ehsani A, Norouzian MA, Heidarpour M and Seifi HA, 2011. Parenteral selenium and vitamin E supplementation to lambs: hematology, serum biochemistry, performance and relationship with other trace elements. Biologycal Trace Element Research. 139:308-316.
Moonsie-Shageer S and Nowat DN, 1993. Effect of level of supplemental chromium on performance, serum constituents, and immune status of stressed feeder calves. Journal of Animal Science. 71: 232-238.
Nonneche BJ, Foote MR, Miller BL, Bietz DC and Horst RL, 2010. Short communication: Fat-soluble vitamin and mineral status of milk replacer-fed dairy calves: Effect of growth rate during the preruminant period. Journal of Dairy Science. 93:2684–2690.
Peixoto LA and Osório MT, 2007. Perfil metabólico protéico e energético na avaliação do desempenho reprodutivo em ruminantes. Review Brasileira Agriculure. 13:299-304.
Pradose LF, Sathler DFT, Silva BC, Zanetti D, Valadares Filho DC, Alhadas HM, Detmann E, Santos SA, Mariz LDS and Chizzotti ML, 2017. Journal of Animal Science Department. 95:1766–1776.
Quigley JD, Wolfe TA and Elsasser TH 2006. Effects of additional milk replacer feeding on calf health, growth, and selected blood metabolites in calves. Journal of Dairy Science. 89:207–216.
Salama Ahmed AK, Cajat G, Albanell E, Snch and Casals R, 2003. Effects of dietary supplements of zinc-methionine on milk production, udder health and zinc metabolism in dairy goats. Journal of Dairy Research. 70:9–17.
Salles MSV, Zanetti MA, Junior LCR, Salles FA, Azzolini AECS, Soares EM, Faccioli LH and Walim YML, 2014. Performance and immune response of suckling calves fed organic selenium. Animal Feed Science and Technology.188:28– 35.
Sani M, Khorvash M, Rahmani HR and Sadri H, 2012. Effects of hormone or mineral–vitamin enriched colostrum on performance and weaning age of Holstein calves. Livestock Science.149:190–194.
Srikandakumar A, Johnson EH and Mahgoub O, 2003. Effect of heat stress on respiratory rate, rectal temperature and blood chemistry in Omani and Australian Merino sheep. Small Ruminant Research. 49:193- 198.
Shi LG WJ, Zhang CX, Ren YS, Liu Q, Wang Q and Shi L, 2011. Effect of elemental nano-selenium on feed digestibility, rumen fermentation, and purine derivatives in sheep. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 163:136–142.
Teixeira AG, Lima FS, Bicalho ML, Kussler A, Lima SF, Felippe MJ and Bicalho RC, 2014. Effect of an injectable trace mineral supplement containing selenium, copper, zinc, and manganese on immunity, health, and growth of dairy calves. Journal of Dairy Science. 97(7):4216-4226.
Tomasi T, Volpato A and Pereira WAB, 2018. Metaphylactic effect of minerals on the immune response, biochemical variables and antioxidant status of newborn calves. Journal of Animal Physiology Animal Nutrition. 10:1–6.
Van Bibber-Krueger CL, Axman JE, Ganzalez JM, Vahl CI and Drouillard JS, 2016. Effects of yeastcombined with chromium propionate on growth performance and carcass quality of finishing steers. Journal of Animal Science. 94: 3003-3011.
Wang C, Liu Q, Huo WJ, Yang WZ, Dong KH, Huang KH and Guo G, 2009.Effects of glycerol on rumen fermentation, urinary excretion of purine derivatives and feed digestibility in steers. Journal of Livestock Scince. 121: 15-20.
Warner RG, 1991. Nutritional factors affecting the development of a functional ruminant a historical perspective. In: proceeding Cornell nutrition conference Cornell University. Ithaca. USA.
Williams PEV, Tait CAG, Innes GM and CJ, Newbold, 1991. Effect of the inclusion of yeast culture (Saccharomyces cerevisiaeplus growth medium) in the diet of dairy cows on milk yield and forage degradation and fermentation pattern in the rumen of steers. Journal of Animal Science. 69: 3015-3026.
Williams PEV, Varley MA, Williams PEV and Lawrence TLJ, 1992. Frost AL. Feeding the young ruminant. Neonatal survival and growth. Occasional Publication. British Society of Animal Production. 15:109–18.
Winter KA, 1985. Comparative performance and digestibility in dairy calves weaned at three, five and seven weeks of age. Canadian Journal of Animal Science. 65:445-450.
Wnuk W, Odoj J, Bis-Wencel H, Saba L, Nowakowiez-Debek B and Bombic T, 2003. Milk and hair coat as indicators of macro elements content in cow,s at different stages of lactation. Annales Univercity. M. Curie. Sklodowska Lublin- Polonia. 96:333-344.
پژوهش های علوم دامی (دانش کشاورزی)
دوره 30، شماره 3
آذر 1399
صفحه 105-117

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 27 بهمن 1398
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 03 فروردین 1399
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 21 بهمن 1399

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار