Journal of Prosthodontic Research
Online ISSN : 1883-9207
Print ISSN : 1883-1958
ISSN-L : 1883-1958
Original articles
Development of novel antimicrobial acrylic denture modified with copper nanoparticles
Sebastián Correa, Loreto Matamala, Juan Pablo González, Mónica de la Fuente, Hetiel Miranda, Bruno Olivares, Miguel Maureira, Amaru Agüero, Leyla Gómez, Ximena Lee, Madeleine Urzúa, Cristian Covarrubias
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Keywords: Antimicrobial PMMA, Copper nanoparticles, Candida albicans, Denture stomatitis, Dental nanotechnology
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESS

2023 Volume 68 Issue 1 Pages 156-165

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Abstract

Purpose: This study aimed to synthesize heat-cured poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) acrylic formulated with copper nanoparticles (nCu) for producing dentures with antimicrobial properties and ability to prevent denture stomatitis (DS).

Methods: nCu/PMMA nanocomposites were prepared through in situ formation of nCu into methyl methacrylate (MMA). The fabricated material was characterized using scanning electron microscopy, spectroscopy (energy-dispersive X-ray, attenuated total reflectance–Fourier-transform infrared, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy), X-ray diffraction analysis, and mechanical flexural tests (ISO 20795-1:2008). Antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans and oral bacteria was determined. MTS assay (ISO 10993-5:2009) and copper release experiments were conducted to assess cytotoxicity. In the clinical trial, participants wearing nCu/PMMA (n=25) and PMMA (n=25) dentures were compared; specifically, DS incidence and severity and Candida species proliferation were assessed for 12 months. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance with Tukey’s post hoc test (α=0.05).

Results: nCu/PMMA nanocomposite loaded with 0.045% nCu exhibited the maximum antimicrobial activity against C. albicans and other oral bacteria without producing cytotoxicity in the wearer. nCu/PMMA dentures retained their mechanical and aesthetic properties as well as inhibited the growth of Candida species on both denture surface and patient palate. DS incidence and severity were lower in the nCu/PMMA denture group than in the PMMA denture group.

Conclusions: PMMA acrylic produced with copper nanotechnology is antimicrobial, biocompatible, and aesthetic and can reduce DS incidence. Thus, this material may act as a novel preventive alternative for oral infections associated with denture use.

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© 2024 Japan Prosthodontic Society

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BYNC 4.0), which allows users to distribute and copy the material in any format as long as credit is given to the Japan Prosthodontic Society. It should be noted however, that the material cannot be used for commercial purposes.
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
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