Population-based reference values for tongue pressure in Japanese older          adults: A pooled analysis of over 5,000 participants

Masanori Iwasaki; Yuki Ohara; Keiko Motokawa; Misato Hayakawa; Maki Shirobe; Ayako Edahiro; Yutaka Watanabe; Shuichi Awata; Tsuyoshi Okamura; Hiroki Inagaki; Naoko Sakuma; Shuichi Obuchi; Hisashi Kawai; Manami Ejiri; Kumiko Ito; Yoshinori Fujiwara; Akihiko Kitamura; Yu Nofuji; Takumi Abe; Katsuya Iijima; Tomoki Tanaka; Bo-Kyung Son; Shoji Shinkai; Hirohiko Hirano

doi:10.2186/jpr.JPR_D_21_00272

Original articles

Population-based reference values for tongue pressure in Japanese older adults: A pooled analysis of over 5,000 participants

Masanori Iwasaki , Yuki Ohara, Keiko Motokawa, Misato Hayakawa, Maki Shirobe, Ayako Edahiro, Yutaka Watanabe, Shuichi Awata, Tsuyoshi Okamura, Hiroki Inagaki, Naoko Sakuma, Shuichi Obuchi, Hisashi Kawai, Manami Ejiri, Kumiko Ito, Yoshinori Fujiwara, Akihiko Kitamura, Yu Nofuji, Takumi Abe, Katsuya Iijima, Tomoki Tanaka, Bo-Kyung Son, Shoji Shinkai, Hirohiko Hirano

Author information

Masanori Iwasaki Corresponding author
Research Team for Promoting Independence and Mental Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
Yuki Ohara
Research Team for Promoting Independence and Mental Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
Keiko Motokawa
Research Team for Promoting Independence and Mental Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
Misato Hayakawa
Integrated Research Initiative for Living Well with Dementia, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
Maki Shirobe
The Tokyo Metropolitan Support Center for Preventative Long-Term and Frail Elderly Care, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
Ayako Edahiro
Research Team for Promoting Independence and Mental Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
Yutaka Watanabe
Research Team for Promoting Independence and Mental Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
Gerodontology, Department of Oral Health Science, Hokkaido, Japan
Shuichi Awata
Research Team for Promoting Independence and Mental Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
Tsuyoshi Okamura
Research Team for Promoting Independence and Mental Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
Hiroki Inagaki
Research Team for Promoting Independence and Mental Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
Naoko Sakuma
Research Team for Promoting Independence and Mental Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
Shuichi Obuchi
Research Team for Human Care, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
Hisashi Kawai
Research Team for Human Care, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
Manami Ejiri
Research Team for Human Care, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
Kumiko Ito
Health Promotion Management Office, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
Yoshinori Fujiwara
Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
Akihiko Kitamura
Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
Yu Nofuji
Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
Takumi Abe
Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
Katsuya Iijima
Institute of Gerontology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Institute for Future Initiatives, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Tomoki Tanaka
Institute of Gerontology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Bo-Kyung Son
Institute of Gerontology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Institute for Future Initiatives, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Shoji Shinkai
The Tokyo Metropolitan Support Center for Preventative Long-Term and Frail Elderly Care, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
Graduate School of Nutrition Sciences, School of Nutritional Sciences, Kagawa Nutrition University, Saitama, Japan
Hirohiko Hirano
Research Team for Promoting Independence and Mental Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan

Keywords: Epidemiology, Geriatrics, Oral health

JOURNAL OPEN ACCESS
Supplementary material

2023 Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages 62-69

DOI https://doi.org/10.2186/jpr.JPR_D_21_00272

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Abstract

Purpose: To establish age- and sex-specific population reference values for tongue pressure (TP) in community-dwelling Japanese older adults.

Methods: For this analysis, we pooled four population-based studies on community-dwelling adults aged ≥65 years that measured TP using a JMS tongue pressure measuring device. We calculated the means and deciles of TP per 5-year age group for each sex. We also estimated age trends in TP for men and women.

Results: In total, 5,083 individuals (2,150 men and 2,933 women, with a mean [standard deviation] age of 75.2 [6.5] years) were included in the present analysis. In male participants, the mean (standard deviation) TPs for ages 65–69, 70–74, 75–79, 80–84, and ≥85 years were 34.0 (8.4), 32.2 (8.1), 30.8 (8.3), 28.4 (8.9), and 24.4 (8.2) kPa, respectively. In female participants, the corresponding values were 31.5 (7.1), 30.5 (7.5), 29.6 (7.3), 28.4 (8.0), and 26.4 (7.6) kPa, respectively. For both sexes, there were significant declining trends in TP with advanced age. In addition, the interaction between age and sex had a significant effect on TP (regression coefficient [95% confidence interval] = -0.18 [-0.25 to -0.11] when age was modeled as a continuous variable and sex was modeled as a categorical variable [coded as 0=women, 1=men]).

Conclusions: This study determined age- and sex-specific reference values for TP, presented as means and deciles, in community-dwelling Japanese older adults aged ≥65 years. This study also demonstrated sex differences in age-related declines in TP.

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