Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1
Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Department, National Research Centre
2
Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
3
National Research Centre
Abstract
Type-3 diabetes has been suggested for Alzheimer’s disease because of its similarities in molecular and cellular characteristics to type-1 and type-2 diabetes, insulin resistance related to memory impairment, and cognitive defects in elderly people. This study aimed to evaluate the potential application of Balanites aegyptiaca date hydroethanolic extract in treating diabetes-mediated neurodegenerative disorders in rats. Neurodegenerative disorders in diabetic male albino Wister rats were studied using a streptozotocin (STZ, 65 mg/kg body wt.) model. Rats orally received Balanites at 2250 mg/kg body wt. as ¼ LD50 for three months. Four groups were randomly organized: negative control, STZ control, extract control, and treated group. Results showed that the blood glucose level was reduced from 354.24±4.52 mg/dL (STZ group) to 115±4.92 mg/dL (treated group), which indicated that Balanites exhibited an anti-diabetic effect. Concomitantly, insulin significantly elevated (53.00% and 392.50%) compared with the STZ group (P≤ 0.001) after 45 and 90 days, respectively, with hypolipidemic action. Compared with the STZ group (P≤ 0.001), Balanites exerted a neurodegenerative repairing effect, as it significantly inhibited acetylcholinesterase (36.84% and 52.85%) based on acetylcholine content augmentation (28.40% and 53.14%) at the two follow-ups. In addition, Balanites ameliorated apoptosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and neurotrophic factor in the brain. Brain sections showed no amyloid-beta plaque and neurofibrillary tangles that were recorded for the STZ group. Finally, Balanites addressed diabetes-induced neurodegenerative disorders in rats because of its orchestral approach mechanisms on acetylcholinesterase, amyloid-beta, neurofibrillary tangles, apoptosis, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress. Therefore, this study could be considered for clinical trials.
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