Abstract
The elasticity of single-crystal hydrous pyrope with ~900 ppmw H2O has been derived from sound velocity and density measurements using in situ Brillouin light spectroscopy (BLS) and synchrotron X‑ray diffraction (XRD) in the diamond-anvil cell (DAC) up to 18.6 GPa at room temperature and up to 700 K at ambient pressure. These experimental results are used to evaluate the effect of hydration on the single-crystal elasticity of pyrope at high pressure and high temperature (P-T) conditions to better understand its velocity profiles and anisotropies in the upper mantle. Analysis of the results shows that all of the elastic moduli increase almost linearly with increasing pressure at room temperature, and decrease linearly with increasing temperature at ambient pressure. At ambient conditions, the aggregate adiabatic bulk and shear moduli (KS0, G0) are 168.6(4) and 92.0(3) GPa, respectively. Compared to anhydrous pyrope, the presence of ~900 ppmw H2O in pyrope does not significantly affect its KS0 and G0 within their uncertainties. Using the third-order Eulerian finite-strain equation to model the elasticity data, the pressure derivatives of the bulk [(∂KS/∂P)T] and shear moduli [(∂G/∂P)T] at 300 K are derived as 4.6(1) and 1.3(1), respectively. Compared to previous BLS results of anhydrous pyrope, an addition of ~900 ppmw H2O in pyrope slightly increases the (∂KS/∂P)T, but has a negligible effect on the (∂G/∂P)T within their uncertainties. The temperature derivatives of the bulk and shear moduli at ambient pressure are (∂KS/∂T)P = –0.015(1) GPa/K and (∂G/∂T)P = –0.008(1) GPa/K, which are similar to those of anhydrous pyrope in previous BLS studies within their uncertainties. Meanwhile, our results also indicate that hydrous pyrope remains almost elastically isotropic at relevant high P-T conditions, and may have no significant contribution to seismic anisotropy in the upper mantle. In addition, we evaluated the seismic velocities (vP and vS) and the vP/vS ratio of hydrous pyrope along the upper mantle geotherm and a cold subducted slabs geotherm. It displays that hydrogen also has no significant effect on the seismic velocities and the vP/vS ratio of pyrope at the upper mantle conditions.
Funding
D.W. Fan acknowledges financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41772043), the Joint Research Fund in Huge Scientific Equipment (U1632112) under the cooperative agreement between NSFC and CAS, CAS “Light of West China” Program (Dawei Fan 2017), and Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS (Dawei Fan 2018434). J.G. Xu acknowledges financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41802043), and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2018M631104). This work was performed at GeoSoilEnviroCARS (The University of Chicago, Sector 13), Advanced Photon Source (APS), Argonne National Laboratory. GeoSoilEnviro-CARS is supported by the National Science Foundation (EAR-0622171) and the Department of Energy (DE-FG02-94ER14466) under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. This research used resources at the Advanced Photon Source, a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science User Facility operated for the DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
Acknowledgments
We thank two anonymous reviewers for their thorough and helpful comments and Jennifer Kung for handling this paper as associate editor. We also thank Z. Mao for providing the Igor fitting code.
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