We have developed a new eco-friendly fabrication process for porous ceramics using hydraulic alumina (HA) and water. In the present study, we fabricated porous alumina ceramics using this new process. A boehmite gel 3-D network was formed by the hydration of HA in HA slurry. The HA slurry was hardened by the formation of this 3-D network. Even without the addition of an organic binder, green bodies containing the 3-D network demonstrated high compressive strength. Furthermore, the water acted as a fugitive material in the green bodies. Consequently, the open porosity of sintered alumina ceramics could be controlled over a wide range of 56.6-69.1% by addition of water (ratio of water to HA powder: 1.0 to 2.0 by weight) without the use of organic fugitive materials. The results of evolved gas analysis-mass spectrometry measurements showed that the emissions from the hardened green body mostly consisted of water. Consequently, the new fabrication process for porous alumina ceramics was confirmed to be eco-friendly.