Society

Terrorism with a «woman’s appearance»: economic background and legal tools for forming a counteracting strategy

Economic Annals-XXI

Economic Annals-ХХI: Volume 177, Issue 5-6, Pages: 34-43

Citation information:
Lehka, O., Myroniuk, R., Myroniuk, S., & Lukács, E. (2019). Terrorism with a «woman’s appearance»: economic background and legal tools for forming a counteracting strategy. Economic Annals-XXI, 177(5-6), 34-43. doi: https://doi.org/10.21003/ea.V177-03

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Oksana Lehka
D.Sc. (Law),
Associate Professor,
Head of Department of Criminal Law,
Dnipro Humanitarian University
1-В Orlovska Ave., Dnipro, 49064, Ukraine
legkaoksana@ukr.net
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4775-3742 

Stanislava Myroniuk
PhD (Law),
Assistant Professor,
Department of Tactical and Special Training,
Dnipropetrovsk State University of Internal Affairs
26 Gagarin Ave., Dnipro, 49005, Ukraine
slava_M1979@ukr.net
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6462-2173

Eszter Lukács
PhD (Economics),
Associate Professor,
Széchenyi István University
1 Egyetem tér Str., Győr, H-9026, Hungary
lukacs.eszter@sze.hu
ODCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6066-6881 

Abstract. The authors have researched the phenomenon of female terrorism in the area of rational choice and economic benefit. Popular quotations «qui prodesse» and «сherchez la femme» are combined from these positions in the non-standard authors’ approach to understanding the motivational factors underlying extremist movements. It has been proved that the increase in the number of women in the ranks of terrorists is largely due to the so-called economic benefit factor for the terrorist acts organisers. The actions of a suicide bomber, in the broad sense, are predominantly based on a rational basis: the achievement of the last personal good – identity.

The article presents the transformation of female terrorism in the historical perspective; actual conflicts and contradictions in international law and national legal systems, as well as false social attitudes and stereotypes complicating the fight against this dangerous social phenomenon.

Data obtained from the social networks allows concluding that hundreds of women are now fighting in the ranks of militants in the East of Ukraine. At the beginning of the conflict, many of them hid their faces on personal pages on the Internet, hiding from their relatives a fact that they are hired killers. At the moment, most of them are proud of their participation in extremist groups, post their photos with weapons. Suicide terrorism of Muslim women and crimes committed by female militants in the East of Ukraine have one thing in common – the preparation and use of women as a living «weapon» by the extremist groups is cheaper either in terms of financial investments and costs for psychological brainwashing and military training.

Based on the analytical data and identified patterns, we have argued the strategic directions of counteraction to female terrorism and have proved the following: mankind will be able to break this danger on the condition of a new, free of stereotypes way of thinking and coordinated efforts of the world community in all spheres of social life including economic, legal, socio- and cultural ones.

Keywords: Female Terrorism; Economic Background; Rational Choice; Legal Conflicts; Strategy of Eradicating Female Terrorism

JEL Сlassification: D74; F29; F42; H56; K33; K42

Acknowledgements and Funding: The authors received no direct funding for this research.

Contribution: The authors contributed equally to this work.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21003/ea.V177-03

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Received 29.04.2019
Received in revised form 27.05.2019
Accepted 10.08.2019
Available online 18.09.2019

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