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Year 2024, Volume: 13 Issue: 1, 1 - 22, 24.01.2024

Haluk Özdemir

https://doi.org/10.20991/allazimuth.1416560

Abstract

References

  • Ashworth, Lucian M. “Did the Realist–Idealist Great Debate Really Happen? A Revisionist History of International Relations.” International Relations 16, no. 1 (2002): 33-51.
  • Aydın, Mustafa, Fulya Hisarlıoğlu, and Korhan Yazgan. “Türkiye’de Uluslararası İlişkiler Akademisyenleri ve Alana Yönelik Yaklaşımları Üzerine Bir İnceleme:TRIP 2014 Sonuçları.” Uluslararası İlişkiler 12, no. 48 (2016): 3-35.
  • Aydınlı, Ersel, and Gonca Biltekin. “Widening the World of IR: A Typology of Homegrown Theorizing.” All Azimuth: A Journal of Foreign Policy and Peace 7, no. 1 (2018): 45-68.
  • Aydınlı, Ersel, and Julie Mathews. “Are the Core and Periphery Irreconcilable? The Curious World of Publishing in Contemporary International Relations.” International Studies Perspectives 1, no. 3 (2000): 289-303.
  • Aydınlı, Ersel, and Julie Mathews. “Periphery Theorising for a Truly Internationalised Discipline: Spinning IR Theory out of Anatolia.” Review of International Studies 34, no. 4 (2008): 693-712.
  • Aydınlı, Ersel, and Julie Mathews. “Türkiye Uluslararası İlişkiler Disiplininde Özgün Kuram Potansiyeli: Anadolu Ekolünü Oluşturmak Mümkün mü?” Uluslararası İlişkiler 5, no 17, (2008): 161-187.
  • Bilgin, Pınar, and Oktay Tanrıseever. “A telling story of IR in the periphery: Telling Turkey About the World, Telling the World About Turkey.” Journal of International Relations and Development 12, no. 2 (2009): 174-179.
  • Bilgin, Pınar. “‘Contrapuntal Reading’ as a Method, an Ethos, and a Metaphor for Global IR.” International Studies Review 18, no 1 (2016): 134-146.
  • Burchill, Scott. “Is There a Deep State?” In Misunderstanding International Relations: A Focus on Liberal Democracies, 85-105. Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan, 2020.
  • Çapan, Zeynep Gülşah. “Decolonising International Relations.” Third World Quarterly 38, no 1 (2017): 1-15.
  • Carr, Edward Hallett. The Twenty Years’ Crisis. 1919-1939. London: The MacMillan Press, 1946.
  • Chowdhry, Geeta. “Edward Said and Contrapuntal Reading: Implications for Critical Interventions in International Relations.” Millennium: Journal of International Studies 36, no.1 (2007): 101-111.
  • de Medeiros, Julian. Conspiracy Theory in Turkey: Politics and Protest in the Age of 'Post-Truth'. London: I.B. Tauris, 2018.
  • Eun, Yong-Soo. “Opening up the Debate over ‘non-Western’ International Relations.” In Going beyond Parochialism and Fragmentation in the Study of International Relations, edited by Yong-Soo Eun, 4-17. New York: Routledge, 2020.
  • Gürpınar, Doğan. Conspiracy Theories in Turkey. Conspiracy Nation. New York: Routledge, 2020.
  • Hoffmann, Stanley. “An American Social Science: International Relations.” Daedalus 106, no. 3 (Summer 1977): 41-60.
  • Holsti, K. J. “Mirror, Mirror on the Wall, Which Are the Fairest Theories of All?” International Studies Quarterly 33, no. 3 (1989): 255-261.
  • Jones, Branwen Gruffydd. ed. Decolonizing International Relations. Maryland: Rowman and Littlelfield, 2006.
  • Kaya, Furkan, Mesut Özcan, and Soner Doğan. “Türkiye's Demand for Global Order in The Context of Critical Realizm and ‘The World Is Bigger Than Five Discourse’.” Gaziantep Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 22, no 4 (2022): 2408-2425.
  • Lake, David. “Why ‘isms’ are Evil: Theory, Epistemology, and Academic Sects as Impediments to Understanding and Progress.” International Studies Quarterly 55, no. 2 (2011): 465-480.
  • Meinecke, Friedrich. “Values and Causalities in History.” In The Varieties of History from Voltaire to the Present, edited by Fritz Stern, 267-288. New York: Vintage Books, 1973.
  • Michaels, John D. “Trump and the ‘Deep State’.” Foreign Affairs 96 no 5, (September-October 2017): 52-56.
  • Mütercimler, Erol. Komplo Teorileri: Aynanın Ardında Kalan Gerçekler [Conspiracy Theories: The Realities Behind the Mirror]. İstanbul: Alfa, 2015.
  • Nakano, Ryoko. “Beyond Orientalism and ‘Reverse Orientalism’: Through the Looking Glass of Japanese Humanism.” In International Relations and Non-Western Thought. Imperialism, Colonialism and Investigations of Global Modernity, edited by Robbie Shilliam, 125-138. London: Routledge, 2011.
  • Olumba, Ezenwa E. “The homeless mind in a mobile world: An autoethnographic approach on cognitive immobility in international migration.” Culture and Psychology 29, no. 4 (2023): 769-790.
  • Önder, Ersoy. “Hangisi Daha Büyük? Dünya mı Beş mi?” Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 12, no 63 (2019): 341-359.
  • O'Neil, Patrick H. The Deep State: An Emerging Concept in Comparative Politics. New York: Social Science Research Network (SSRN), November 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2313375
  • Rengger, Nick, and Mark Hoffman. “Modernity, Postmodernism and International Relations.” In Postmodernism and the Social Sciences, edited by Joe Doherty, Elspeth Graham, and Mo Malek, 127-147. London: Palgrave MacMillian, 1992.
  • Said, Edward. Orientalism. New York: Pantheon Books, 1978.
  • Shilliam, Robbie. “Non-Western Thought and International Relations.” In International Relations and Non-Western Thought: Imperialism, Colonialism and Investigations of Global Modernity, edited by Robbie Shilliam, 1-11. London: Routledge, 2011.
  • Turton, Helen Louise. “Locating a Multifaceted and Stratified Disciplinary ‘Core’.” All Azimuth: A Journal of Foreign Policy and Peace 9, no. 2 (2020): 177-210.
  • Üşümezsoy, Şener. Dünya Sistemi ve Emperyalizm [The World System and Imperialism]. İstanbul: İleri Yayınları, 2006.
  • Üşümezsoy, Şener. Petrol Düzeni ve Körfez Savaşları [The Oil Order and the Gulf Wars]. İstanbul, İnkılap Kitapevi, 2003.
  • Üşümezsoy, Şener. Petrol Şoku ve Yeni Orta Doğu Haritası [Oil Shock and the New Map of the Middle East]. İstanbul: İleri Yayınları, 2006.
  • Üşümezsoy, Şener. Türkiye’nin Kesik Damarları: Boru Hatları-Kayagazı-Doğal Gaz Savaşı [The Cut Veins of Turkey: Pipelines, Shale Gas, Natural Gas Wars]. İstanbul: İleri Yayınları, 2017.
  • Wemheuer-Vogelaar, Wiebke, Peter Marcus Kristensen, and Mathis Lohaus. “The Global Division of Labor in a not so Global Discipline.” All Azimuth: A Journal of Foreign Policy and Peace 11, no 1 (2022): 3-27.
  • Wilson, Peter. “The Myth of the ‘First Great Debate’.” Review of International Studies 24, no. 5 (1998): 1-16.
  • “YÖK Atlas.” Yükseköğretim Kurumu. Accessed date April 01, 2023. https://yokatlas.yok.gov.tr/lisans-anasayfa.php

The Dark Side of the Moon: An Ever-Fragmenting Discipline and Turkish IR in “the Outer Periphery”

Year 2024, Volume: 13 Issue: 1, 1 - 22, 24.01.2024

Haluk Özdemir

https://doi.org/10.20991/allazimuth.1416560

Abstract

A recent debate has emerged in the literature about a need for more global
International Relations (IR), one which is truly international, to be worthy of its
name. This paper outlines the multi-dimensional fragmentation in IR, which has
prevented the emergence of a genuinely integrated and global discipline, and
created a context in which the periphery cannot make original contributions to
the core. The main purpose of this paper is to point out the major obstacles for
such original contributions that emanate from the periphery itself. Aside from
the general core-periphery fragmentation in the discipline, the periphery is
collapsing within itself. From that perspective, the core and the periphery look
more integrated, while the real division is between the periphery and the outer
periphery. The outer periphery, while mostly invisible to the core, has real effects
in IR practice, yet its nature and problems are not looked upon or handled by
the current literature. Based on this observation, and using the Turkish example,
four major problems of the outer periphery that affect the periphery and curtail
its potential for original contributions are identified: (1) apathy towards western
IR; (2) conspiracy theorizing; (3) chronological historicism; and (4) the outer
periphery’s influence on the mainstream periphery. After discussing these
problems, it is concluded that the periphery can make contributions to the core
only after it has helped the outer periphery solve its problems, and integration
within the periphery is achieved. Only then can original contributions of the
periphery to a truly international IR be possible.

Keywords

Global IR core periphery outer periphery Turkish IR

References

  • Ashworth, Lucian M. “Did the Realist–Idealist Great Debate Really Happen? A Revisionist History of International Relations.” International Relations 16, no. 1 (2002): 33-51.
  • Aydın, Mustafa, Fulya Hisarlıoğlu, and Korhan Yazgan. “Türkiye’de Uluslararası İlişkiler Akademisyenleri ve Alana Yönelik Yaklaşımları Üzerine Bir İnceleme:TRIP 2014 Sonuçları.” Uluslararası İlişkiler 12, no. 48 (2016): 3-35.
  • Aydınlı, Ersel, and Gonca Biltekin. “Widening the World of IR: A Typology of Homegrown Theorizing.” All Azimuth: A Journal of Foreign Policy and Peace 7, no. 1 (2018): 45-68.
  • Aydınlı, Ersel, and Julie Mathews. “Are the Core and Periphery Irreconcilable? The Curious World of Publishing in Contemporary International Relations.” International Studies Perspectives 1, no. 3 (2000): 289-303.
  • Aydınlı, Ersel, and Julie Mathews. “Periphery Theorising for a Truly Internationalised Discipline: Spinning IR Theory out of Anatolia.” Review of International Studies 34, no. 4 (2008): 693-712.
  • Aydınlı, Ersel, and Julie Mathews. “Türkiye Uluslararası İlişkiler Disiplininde Özgün Kuram Potansiyeli: Anadolu Ekolünü Oluşturmak Mümkün mü?” Uluslararası İlişkiler 5, no 17, (2008): 161-187.
  • Bilgin, Pınar, and Oktay Tanrıseever. “A telling story of IR in the periphery: Telling Turkey About the World, Telling the World About Turkey.” Journal of International Relations and Development 12, no. 2 (2009): 174-179.
  • Bilgin, Pınar. “‘Contrapuntal Reading’ as a Method, an Ethos, and a Metaphor for Global IR.” International Studies Review 18, no 1 (2016): 134-146.
  • Burchill, Scott. “Is There a Deep State?” In Misunderstanding International Relations: A Focus on Liberal Democracies, 85-105. Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan, 2020.
  • Çapan, Zeynep Gülşah. “Decolonising International Relations.” Third World Quarterly 38, no 1 (2017): 1-15.
  • Carr, Edward Hallett. The Twenty Years’ Crisis. 1919-1939. London: The MacMillan Press, 1946.
  • Chowdhry, Geeta. “Edward Said and Contrapuntal Reading: Implications for Critical Interventions in International Relations.” Millennium: Journal of International Studies 36, no.1 (2007): 101-111.
  • de Medeiros, Julian. Conspiracy Theory in Turkey: Politics and Protest in the Age of 'Post-Truth'. London: I.B. Tauris, 2018.
  • Eun, Yong-Soo. “Opening up the Debate over ‘non-Western’ International Relations.” In Going beyond Parochialism and Fragmentation in the Study of International Relations, edited by Yong-Soo Eun, 4-17. New York: Routledge, 2020.
  • Gürpınar, Doğan. Conspiracy Theories in Turkey. Conspiracy Nation. New York: Routledge, 2020.
  • Hoffmann, Stanley. “An American Social Science: International Relations.” Daedalus 106, no. 3 (Summer 1977): 41-60.
  • Holsti, K. J. “Mirror, Mirror on the Wall, Which Are the Fairest Theories of All?” International Studies Quarterly 33, no. 3 (1989): 255-261.
  • Jones, Branwen Gruffydd. ed. Decolonizing International Relations. Maryland: Rowman and Littlelfield, 2006.
  • Kaya, Furkan, Mesut Özcan, and Soner Doğan. “Türkiye's Demand for Global Order in The Context of Critical Realizm and ‘The World Is Bigger Than Five Discourse’.” Gaziantep Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 22, no 4 (2022): 2408-2425.
  • Lake, David. “Why ‘isms’ are Evil: Theory, Epistemology, and Academic Sects as Impediments to Understanding and Progress.” International Studies Quarterly 55, no. 2 (2011): 465-480.
  • Meinecke, Friedrich. “Values and Causalities in History.” In The Varieties of History from Voltaire to the Present, edited by Fritz Stern, 267-288. New York: Vintage Books, 1973.
  • Michaels, John D. “Trump and the ‘Deep State’.” Foreign Affairs 96 no 5, (September-October 2017): 52-56.
  • Mütercimler, Erol. Komplo Teorileri: Aynanın Ardında Kalan Gerçekler [Conspiracy Theories: The Realities Behind the Mirror]. İstanbul: Alfa, 2015.
  • Nakano, Ryoko. “Beyond Orientalism and ‘Reverse Orientalism’: Through the Looking Glass of Japanese Humanism.” In International Relations and Non-Western Thought. Imperialism, Colonialism and Investigations of Global Modernity, edited by Robbie Shilliam, 125-138. London: Routledge, 2011.
  • Olumba, Ezenwa E. “The homeless mind in a mobile world: An autoethnographic approach on cognitive immobility in international migration.” Culture and Psychology 29, no. 4 (2023): 769-790.
  • Önder, Ersoy. “Hangisi Daha Büyük? Dünya mı Beş mi?” Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 12, no 63 (2019): 341-359.
  • O'Neil, Patrick H. The Deep State: An Emerging Concept in Comparative Politics. New York: Social Science Research Network (SSRN), November 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2313375
  • Rengger, Nick, and Mark Hoffman. “Modernity, Postmodernism and International Relations.” In Postmodernism and the Social Sciences, edited by Joe Doherty, Elspeth Graham, and Mo Malek, 127-147. London: Palgrave MacMillian, 1992.
  • Said, Edward. Orientalism. New York: Pantheon Books, 1978.
  • Shilliam, Robbie. “Non-Western Thought and International Relations.” In International Relations and Non-Western Thought: Imperialism, Colonialism and Investigations of Global Modernity, edited by Robbie Shilliam, 1-11. London: Routledge, 2011.
  • Turton, Helen Louise. “Locating a Multifaceted and Stratified Disciplinary ‘Core’.” All Azimuth: A Journal of Foreign Policy and Peace 9, no. 2 (2020): 177-210.
  • Üşümezsoy, Şener. Dünya Sistemi ve Emperyalizm [The World System and Imperialism]. İstanbul: İleri Yayınları, 2006.
  • Üşümezsoy, Şener. Petrol Düzeni ve Körfez Savaşları [The Oil Order and the Gulf Wars]. İstanbul, İnkılap Kitapevi, 2003.
  • Üşümezsoy, Şener. Petrol Şoku ve Yeni Orta Doğu Haritası [Oil Shock and the New Map of the Middle East]. İstanbul: İleri Yayınları, 2006.
  • Üşümezsoy, Şener. Türkiye’nin Kesik Damarları: Boru Hatları-Kayagazı-Doğal Gaz Savaşı [The Cut Veins of Turkey: Pipelines, Shale Gas, Natural Gas Wars]. İstanbul: İleri Yayınları, 2017.
  • Wemheuer-Vogelaar, Wiebke, Peter Marcus Kristensen, and Mathis Lohaus. “The Global Division of Labor in a not so Global Discipline.” All Azimuth: A Journal of Foreign Policy and Peace 11, no 1 (2022): 3-27.
  • Wilson, Peter. “The Myth of the ‘First Great Debate’.” Review of International Studies 24, no. 5 (1998): 1-16.
  • “YÖK Atlas.” Yükseköğretim Kurumu. Accessed date April 01, 2023. https://yokatlas.yok.gov.tr/lisans-anasayfa.php
There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects International Relations Theories, International Relations (Other)
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Haluk Özdemir 0000-0003-2202-6159

Early Pub Date January 16, 2024
Publication Date January 24, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 13 Issue: 1

Cite

Chicago Özdemir, Haluk. “The Dark Side of the Moon: An Ever-Fragmenting Discipline and Turkish IR in ‘the Outer Periphery’”. All Azimuth: A Journal of Foreign Policy and Peace 13, no. 1 (January 2024): 1-22. https://doi.org/10.20991/allazimuth.1416560.
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