Nowadays, the governmental system of Japan is required to change its basis. The focuses of the reform are to ensure close correspondence between policies of what the Government chose and formed and the will that the public expressed, and to make a system that the Governmnent will be able to choose and realize policy resolutely, quickly, and appropriately. In this mean, some problems surface as the most important issue about the reform, that is, the review of electoral system, the control of political funds, reinforcement of the functions of the Diet, establishment of the leadership of the Prime Minister under the parliamnetary cabinet system, establishment of a politics first system, review of the relations between the central government and local goverments, and the acrivation of local autonomy. The Diet reform, the administrative reform, and decentralization in a broad sense relate mutually. Then, only when these reforms are realized, political reform can be accomplished. What the Japanese Government Will Be in the 21st Century. 1. Governmental System in the 21st Century Gathering up the Public Will and Establishment of Responsible Policy System Coalition Government and the New Electoral System Conquest of Rural Predominance and Organization Depended on Public Enterprises under the 55's Political System 2. Acrtivation of the Diet The Diet Which can Discuss and Sessional System The "Question Time" and Abolition of the Commission System Abuses of the Prior Consulation of the Government Party 3. Establishment of Political First Administration and Parting from Discretionary Administration Establishment of Authority of the Prime Minister and Review of the Cabinet Law Reinforcement of Ministers' Authority over the Office They Control Parting from Discretionary Administration, Administrative Procedure Law, Access to Information, and Policy Evaluation 4. Promotion of Decentralization Abolition of Delegation System Local Grant and Subsidies Promotion of Voluntary Community Mergers